tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-64722348778351876452024-03-12T21:19:54.731-07:00 Lemboer KuringCISUGIHche moutzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08198123137685616928noreply@blogger.comBlogger25125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472234877835187645.post-41608293688341525672013-02-08T22:09:00.000-08:002013-02-08T22:59:43.307-08:00PERBEDAAN ORGANISASI DENGAN PAGUYUBAN<div style="background-color: white; color: black; text-align: justify;">
</div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Dalam
beberapa pertemuan, banyak teman yang bertanya pada saya tentang
perbedaan antara organisasi dan paguyuban atau kapan sebuah kelompok
disebut sebagai organisasi atau disebut paguyuban. Berikut ini saya akan
memaparkan secara singkat kedua kata tersebut.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><b>A. Pengertian Organisasi</b><br />
“Organisasi” sebenarnya berasal dari bhs Yunani, “organon” atau dalam
bhs Latin, disebut “organum” yang artinya “alat, bagian, atau anggota
badan”. Selanjutnya seiring berjalannya waktu, terjadilah perkembangan
dalam pengertiannya. Dengan kata lain, semakin banyak orang yang
mengartikannya maka semakin banyak definisi dan semakin luas pula kata
itu diartikan) Tapi dari sekian banyak definisi “organisasi”, saya lebih
tertarik sama dua pendapat berikut yang menurut saya sudah merangkum
semuanya. Pertama, bapak J.D. Mooney bilang kalo “organisasi merupakan
perserikatan manusia untuk mencapai tujuan bersama”. Kedua, bapak C.I.
Barnard bilang kalo “organisasi” adalah sistem dari usaha2 kerjasama
yang dilakukan sama dua orang atau lebih.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Nah, berdasarkan sifatnya organisasi dapat dibedakan antara organisasi statis dan organisasi dinamis.<br />
Apa itu <i><span style="text-decoration: underline;">organisasi statis</span></i>? Dan apa pula yang dimaksud dengan organisasi dinamis ? (Kayak soal ulangan saja)<br />
Organisasi statis itu merupakan gambaran secara skematis tentang
hubungan kerjasama antara orang-orang yang terdapat dalam suatu usaha
untuk mencapai suatu tujuan.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Sedangkan kalo <i><span style="text-decoration: underline;">organisasi dinamis </span></i>adalah
setiap kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan usaha merencanakan skema
organis, mengadakan departemenisasi, menetapkan wewenang, tugas, dan
tanggung jawab dari orang-orang di dalam suatu badan/organisasi. Kalo
mau disingkat, “organisasi dinamis” adalah kegiatan-kegiatan
mengorganisir yaitu kegiatan menetapkan susunan organisasi suatu usaha.</span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: black; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Lantas gimana relasi antar orang per orang dalam sebuah organisasi?<br />
Berdasarkan relasi antar orang per orang yang terdapat dalam suatu organisasi dikenal yang namanya:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><i>Organisasi formal</i> ,
yaitu sistem kerjasama yang dilakukan oleh dua orang atau lebih dan
dikoordinasikan secara sadar untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu;</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">dan <i>organisasi informal</i>
yang merupakan kumpulan hubungan antara pribadi-pribadi tanpa tujuan
bersama yang disadari. Meskipun pada akhirnya hubungan-hubungan tak
disadari itu ternyata dilakukan untuk mencapai tujuan bersama.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Nah, ada <i><span style="text-decoration: underline;">tiga unsur utama </span></i>dalam organisasi, yaitu:</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">• adanya sekelompok orang</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">• adanya hubungan kerjasama antara orang-orang tersebut</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">• adanya tujuan bersama yang ingin dicapai</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><b>B. Pengertian Paguyuban<br />
</b>Dalam makalah bapak Gumgum Gumilar, S.Sos., M.Si. yang merupakan bahan ajar pengantar sosiologi, <i><span style="text-decoration: underline;">paguyuban</span></i> dilihat sebagai salah satu kelompok sosial yang teratur dengan pengertian sebagai berikut :</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><br />
<i><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Paguyuban</span></i> –
dalam bahasa Inggris disebut Community (dalam bahasa Jermannya disebut
Gemeinschaft … yang artinya tentu saja beda sama Organisation yang
berarti Übersetzung(en) tabellarisch anzeigen atau Übersetzungen mit
gleichem Wortanfang …sengaja pake bahasa Jerman, biar kliatannya saya
nggak mengada-ngada hehehe) – diartikan sebagai bentuk kehidupan
bersama, di mana para anggotanya diikat oleh hubungan batin yang murni
dan bersifat alamiah serta kekal. Dasar hubungan tersebut adalah rasa
cinta dan rasa persatuan batin yang memang telah dikodratkan.</span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: black; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Sedangkan
menurut Surat Gembala Uskup Malang Thn 2009 yang berjudul TAHUN
PAGUYUBAN UMAT ALLAH, terutama dalam subjudul Pengertian “Gereja sebagai
Paguyuban Umat Allah”, kata<i><span style="text-decoration: underline;"> paguyuban </span></i>digunakan
untuk menerangkan kata Communio (Cum=bersama-sama dan Munus=tugas atau
fungsi) yang berarti satu kesatuan dan kesamaan perutusan. Kalo dalam
bahasa Yunani disebut Koinonia (kesatuan dalam keberagaman).</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Selanjutnya, <i><span style="text-decoration: underline;">paguyuban</span></i>
diartikan pula sebagai persekutuan atau kebersamaan aneka ragam orang
dalam batas teritori dan kategori tertentu, dengan nilai-nilai umum
sebagai berikut :</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">• disemangati kebersamaan, keterlibatan, komunikasi, relasi yang terjadi
terus-menerus, sehati dan sejiwa dalam suka dan duka, untuk menghidupi
dan menghayati tugas, karya, dan panggilan hidup dalam mewujudkan
visi-misi paguyuban tersebut.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">• kebersamaan setiap anggotanya yang se-detak jantung, yang hidup dalam
kebersamaan, memiliki kepekaan dan bertindak saling mengasihi sehingga
terbentuk suatu komunitas yang sehati-sejiwa.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">• bentuk kehidupan bersama yang menghayati solidaritas, toleransi dan
prinsip subsidiaritas dalam memanfaatkan segala perbedaan untuk mencapai
tujuan bersama.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">• kebutuhan untuk hidup berkelompok yang berlandaskan pada kepercayaan yang satu.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: black; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>C. Tinjauan Kritis :</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Memang
semua paguyuban adalah sebuah organisasi akan tetapi tidak semua
organisasi merupakan paguyuban. Alasannya jelas, yakni asas dasar dari
sebuah organisasi belum tentu cinta kasih (bisa jadi hanya berdasarkan
pada kerjasama untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu atau hanya atas dasar
kepentingan saja). Tetapi asas dasar paguyuban (lebih kerennya kita
sebut saja “komunitas”) adalah cinta kasih persaudaraan, menghayati
solidaritas, toleransi dan prinsip subsidiaritas dalam memanfaatkan
segala perbedaan untuk mencapai tujuan bersama di mana para anggotanya
diikat oleh hubungan batin yang murni, bersifat alamiah, kekal serta
sehati-sejiwa. Singkatnya, dasar hubungan tersebut adalah rasa cinta dan
rasa persatuan batin yang memang telah dikodratkan.</span></div>
che moutzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08198123137685616928noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472234877835187645.post-85132212611912348402013-02-08T22:06:00.003-08:002013-02-08T22:06:54.257-08:00KELOMPOK SOSIAL<strong>A. </strong><strong>Pengertian Kelompok Sosial</strong>
<br />
Secara sosiologis pengertian kelompok sosial adalah suatu kumpulan
orang-orang yang mempunyai hubungan dan saling berinteraksi satu sama
lain dan dapat mengakibatkan tumbuhnya perasaan bersama. Disamping itu
terdapat beberapa definisi dari para ahli mengenai kelompok sosial.<br />
Menurut <strong>Josep S Roucek dan Roland S Warren</strong> kelompok
sosial adalah suatu kelompok yang meliputi dua atau lebih manusia, yang
diantara mereka terdapat beberapa pola interaksi yang dapat dipahami
oleh para anggotanya atau orang lain secara keseluruhan.<br />
<br />
<strong>B. </strong><strong>Proses Terbentuknya Kelompok Sosial</strong><br />
Menurut Abdul Syani, terbentuknya suatu kelompok sosial karena adanya
naluri manusia yang selalu ingin hidup bersama. Manusia membutuhkan
komunikasi dalam membentuk kelompok, karena melalui komunikasi orang
dapat mengadakan ikatan dan pengaruh psikologis secara timbal balik. Ada
dua hasrat pokok manusia sehingga ia terdorong untuk hidup berkelompok,
yaitu:<br />
<ol>
<li>Hasrat untuk bersatu dengan manusia lain di sekitarnya</li>
<li>Hasrat untuk bersatu dengan situasi alam sekitarnya<strong> </strong></li>
</ol>
<strong>C. </strong><strong>Syarat Terbentuknya Kelompok Sosial</strong><br />
Kelompok-kelompok sosial merupakan himpunan atau kesatuan manusia
yang hidup bersama dan saling berinteraksi. Untuk itu, setiap himpunan
manusia agar dapat dikatakan sebagai kelompok sosial, haruslah memenuhi
persyaratan sebagai berikut:<br />
<ol>
<li>Setiap anggota kelompok memiliki kesadaran bahwa dia merupakan bagian dari kelompok yang bersangkutan.</li>
<li>Ada kesamaan faktor yang dimiliki anggota-anggota kelompok itu
sehingga hubungan antara mereka bartambah erat. Faktor-faktor kesamaan
tersebut, antara lain
<ul>
<li>Persamaan nasib</li>
<li>Persamaan kepentingan</li>
<li>Persamaan tujuan</li>
<li>Persamaan ideologi politik</li>
<li>Persamaan musuh</li>
</ul>
3. Kelompok sosial ini berstruktur, berkaidah, dan mempunyai pola perilaku.</li>
<li>Kelompok sosial ini bersistem dan berproses.<strong></strong></li>
</ol>
<strong>D. </strong><strong>Macam-Macam Kelompok Sosial</strong><br />
<br />
<strong>1. </strong><strong>Klasifikasi Tipe-tipe Kelompok Sosial </strong><br />
<br />
Menurut Soerjono Soekanto dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi beberapa macam, yaitu:<br />
<br />
<strong></strong><br />
<strong>a. </strong><strong>Berdasarkan besar kecilnya anggota kelompok</strong><br />
Menurut <strong>George Simmel</strong>, besar kecilnya jumlah anggota
kelompok akan memengaruhi kelompok dan pola interaksi sosial dalam
kelompok tersebut. Dalam penelitiannya, Simmel memulai dari satu orang
sebagai perhatian hubungan sosial yang dinamakan <em>monad</em>. Kemudian <em>monad</em> dikembangkan menjadi dua orang atau <em>diad</em>, dan tiga orang atau <em>triad</em>, dan kelompok-kelompok kecil lainnya. Hasilnya semakin banyak jumlah anggota kelompoknya, pola interaksinya juga berbeda.<br />
<br />
<strong></strong><br />
<strong>b. </strong><strong>Berdasarkan derajat interaksi dalam kelompok</strong><br />
Derajat interaksi ini juga dapat dilihat pada beberapa kelompok
sosial yang berbeda. Kelompok sosial seperti keluarga, rukun tetangga,
masyarakat desa, akan mempunyai kelompok yang anggotanya saling mengenal
dengan baik (<em>face-to-face groupings</em>). Hal ini berbeda dengan
kelompok sosial seperti masyarakat kota, perusahaan, atau negara, di
mana anggota-anggotanya tidak mempunyai hubungan erat.<strong></strong><br />
<strong>c. </strong><strong>Berdasarkan kepentingan dan wilayah</strong><br />
Sebuah masyarakat setempat (<em>community</em>) merupakan suatu kelompok sosial atas dasar wilayah yang tidak mempunyai kepentingan-kepentingan tertentu. Sedangkan asosiasi (<em>association</em>) adalah sebuah kelompok sosial yang dibentuk untuk memenuhi kepentingan tertentu.<br />
<br />
<strong></strong><br />
<strong>d. </strong><strong>Berdasarkan kelangsungan kepentingan </strong><br />
Adanya kepentingan bersama merupakan salah satu faktor yang
menyebabkan terbentuknya sebuah kelompok sosial. Suatu kerumunan
misalnya, merupakan kelompok yang keberadaannya hanya sebentar karena
kepentingannya juga tidak berlangsung lama. Namun, sebuah asosiasi
mempunyai kepentingan yang tetap.<br />
<br />
<br />
<strong></strong><br />
<strong>e. </strong><strong>Berdasarkan derajat organisasi</strong><br />
Kelompok sosial terdiri atas kelompok-kelompok sosial yang
terorganisasi dengan rapi seperti negara, TNI, perusahaan dan
sebagainya. Namun, ada kelompok sosial yang hampir tidak terorganisasi
dengan baik, seperti kerumunan.<br />
Secara umum tipe-tipe kelompok sosial adalah sebagai berikut.<br />
<ol>
<li>Kategori statistik, yaitu pengelompokan atas dasar ciri tertentu yang sama, misalnya kelompok umur.</li>
<li>Kategori sosial, yaitu kelompok individu yang sadar akan ciri-ciri
yang dimiliki bersama, misalnya HMI (Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam
Indonesia).</li>
<li>Kelompok sosial, misalnya keluarga batih (<em>nuclear family</em>)</li>
<li>Kelompok tidak teratur, yaitu perkumpulan orang-orang di suatu
tempat pada waktu yang sama karena adanya pusat perhatian yang sama.
Misalnya, orang yang sedang menonton sepak bola.</li>
<li>Organisasi Formal, yaitu kelompok yang sengaja dibentuk untuk
mencapai tujuan tertentu yang telah ditentukan terlebih dahulu, misalnya
perusahaan.<strong></strong></li>
</ol>
<strong>2. </strong><strong>Kelompok Sosial dipandang dari Sudut Individu</strong><br />
Pada masyarakat yang kompleks, biasanya setiap manusia tidak hanya
mempunyai satu kelompok sosial tempat ia menjadi anggotanya. Namun, ia
juga menjadi anggota beberapa kelompok sosial sekaligus. Terbentuknya
kelompok-kelompok sosial ini biasanya didasari oleh kekerabatan, usia,
jenis kelamin, pekerjaan atau kedudukan. Keanggotaan masing-masing
kelompok sosial tersebut akan memberikan kedudukan dan prestise
tertentu. Namun yang perlu digarisbawahi adalah sifat keanggotaan suatu
kelompok tidak selalu bersifat sukarela, tapi ada juga yang sifatnya
paksaan. Misalnya, selain sebagai anggota kelompok di tempatnya bekerja,
Pak Tomo juga anggota masyarakat, anggota perkumpulan bulu tangkis,
anggota Ikatan Advokat Indonesia, anggota keluarga, anggota Paguyuban
masyarakat Jawa dan sebagainya.<br />
<br />
<strong>3. </strong><strong>In-Group dan Out-Group</strong><br />
Sebagai seorang individu, kita sering merasa bahwa aku termasuk dalam
bagian kelompok keluargaku, margaku, profesiku, rasku, almamaterku, dan
negaraku. Semua kelompok tersebut berakhiran dengan kepunyaan “ku”.
Itulah yang dinamakan kelompok sendiri (<em>In group</em>) karena aku
termasuk di dalamnya. Banyak kelompok lain dimana aku tidak termasuk
keluarga, ras, suku bangsa, pekerjaan, agama dan kelompok bermain. Semua
itu merupakan kelompok luar (<em>out group</em>) karena aku berada di luarnya.<br />
<em>In-group</em> dan <em>out-group</em> dapat dijumpai di semua
masyarakat, walaupun kepentingan-kepentingannya tidak selalu sama. Pada
masyarakat primitif yang masih terbelakang kehidupannya biasanya akan
mendasarkan diri pada keluarga yang akan menentukan kelompok sendiri dan
kelompok luar seseorang. Jika ada dua orang yang saling tidak kenal
berjumpa maka hal pertama yang mereka lakukan adalah mencari hubungan
antara keduanya. Jika mereka dapat menemukan adanya hubungan keluarga
maka keduanya pun akan bersahabat karena keduanya merupakan anggota dari
kelompok yang sama. Namun, jika mereka tidak dapat menemukan adanya
kesamaan hubungan antaa keluarga maka mereka adalah musuh sehingga
merekapun bereaksi.<br />
Pada masyarakat modern, setiap orang mempunyai banyak kelompok
sehingga mungkin saja saling tumpang tindih dengan kelompok luarnya.
Siswa lama selalu memperlakukan siswa baru sebagai kelompok luar, tetapi
ketika berada di dalam gedung olahraga mereka pun bersatu untuk
mendukung tim sekolah kesayangannya.<br />
<br />
<strong>4. </strong><strong>Kelompok Primer (Primary Group) dan Kelompok Sekunder (Secondary Group)</strong><br />
Menurut <strong>Charles Horton Cooley</strong>, kelompok primer
adalah kelompok-kelompok yang ditandai dengan ciri-ciri saling mengenal
antara anggota-anggotanya serta kerja sama yang erat yang bersifat
pribadi. Sebagai salah satu hasil hubungan yang erat dan bersifat
pribadi tadi adalah adanya peleburan individu-individu ke dalam
kelompok-kelompok sehingga tujuan individu menjadi tujuan kelompok juga.
Oleh karena itu hubungan sosial di dalam kelompok primer berisfat
informal (tidak resmi), akrab, personal, dan total yang mencakup
berbagai aspek pengalaman hidup seseorang.<br />
Di dalam kelompok primer, seperti: keluarga, klan, atau sejumlah
sahabat, hubungan sosial cenderung bersifat santai. Para anggota
kelompok saling tertarik satu sama lainnya sebagai suatu pribadi. Mereka
menyatakan harapan-harapan, dan kecemasan-kecemasan, berbagi
pengalaman, mempergunjingkan gosip, dan saling memenuhi kebutuhan akan
keakraban sebuah persahabatan.<br />
Di sisi lain, kelompok sekunder adalah kelompok-kelompok besar yang
terdiri atas banyak orang, antara dengan siapa hubungannya tida perlu
berdasarkan pengenalan secara pribadi dan sifatnya juga tidak begitu
langgeng. Dalam kelompok sekunder, hubungan sosial bersifat formal,
impersonal dan segmental (terpisah), serta didasarkan pada manfaat (<em>utilitarian</em>).
Seseorang tidak berhubungan dengan orang lain sebagai suatu pribadi,
tetapi sebagai seseorang yang berfungsi dalam menjalankan suatu peran.
Kualitas pribadi tidak begitu penting, tetapi cara kerjanya.<br />
<br />
<strong>5. </strong><strong>Paguyuban (<em>Gemeinschaft</em>) dan Patembayan (<em>Gesellschaft</em>)</strong><br />
Konsep paguyuban (<em>gemeinschaft</em>) dan patembayan (<em>gesellschaft</em>) dikemukakan oleh <strong>Ferdinand Tonnies</strong>.
Pengertian paguyuban adalah suatu bentuk kehidupan bersama, di mana
anggota-anggotanya diikat oleh hubungan batin yang murni dan bersifat
alamiah, serta kekal. Dasar hubungan tersebut adalah rasa cinta dan rasa
kesatuan batin yang memang telah dikodratkan. Bentuk paguyuban terutama
akan dijumpai di dalam keluarga, kelompok kekerabatan, rukun tetangga,
dan sebagainya. Secara umum ciri-ciri paguyuban adalah:<br />
<ol>
<li><em>Intimate</em>, yaitu hubungan yang bersifat menyeluruh dan mesra</li>
<li><em>Private</em>, yaitu hubungan yang bersifat pribadi</li>
<li><em>Exclusive,</em> yaitu hubungan tersebut hanyalah untuk “kita” saja dan tidak untuk orang lain di luar “kita”</li>
</ol>
Di dalam setiap masyarakat selalu dapat dijumpai salah satu di antara tiga tipe paguyuban berikut.<br />
<ol>
<li>Paguyuban karena ikatan darah (<em>gemeinschaft by blood</em>), yaitu <em>gemeinschaft</em>
atau paguyuban yang merupakan ikatan yang didasarkan pada ikatan darah
atau keturunan. Misalnya keluarga dan kelompok kekerabatan.</li>
<li>Paguyuban karena tempat (<em>gemeinschaft of place</em>), yaitu
suatu paguyuban yang terdiri atas orang-orang yang berdekatan tempat
tinggal sehingga dapat saling tolong-menolong. Misalnya kelompok arisan,
rukun tetangga.</li>
<li>Paguyuban karena jiwa pikiran (<em>gemeinschaft of mind</em>), yaitu
paguyuban yang terdiri atas orang-orang yang walaupun tidak mempunyai
hubungan darah ataupun tempat tinggalnya tidak berdekatan, akan tetapi
mereka mempunyai jiwa, pikiran, dan ideologi yang sama. Ikatan pada
paguyuban ini biasanya tidak sekuat paguyuban karena darah atau
keturunan.</li>
</ol>
Sebaliknya, patembayan (<em>gesellschaft</em>) adalah ikatan lahir
yang bersifat pokok untuk jangka waktu tertentu yang pendek. Patembayan
bersifat sebagai suatu bentuk dalam pikiran belaka (<em>imaginary</em>) serta strukturnya bersifat mekanis seperti sebuah mesin. Bentuk <em>gesellschaft</em>
terutama terdapat di dalam hubungan perjanjian yang bersifat timbal
balik. Misalnya, ikatan perjanjian kerja, birokrasi dalam suatu kantor,
perjanjian dagang, dan sebagainya.<br />
Ciri-ciri hubungan paguyuban dengan patembayan dapat diketahui dari tabel berikut:<br />
<br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="170">
<div align="center">
<strong>Paguyuban</strong></div>
</td>
<td valign="top" width="180">
<div align="center">
<strong>Patembayan</strong></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" width="170">Personal
Informal<br />
Tradisional<br />
Sentimental<br />
Umum</td>
<td valign="top" width="180">Impersonal
Formal, kontraktul<br />
Utilitarian<br />
Realistis, “ketat”<br />
Khusus</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br />
<strong>6. </strong><strong>Formal Group dan Informal Group</strong><br />
Menurut Soerjono Soekanto, formal group adalah kelompok yang
mempunyai peraturan yang tegas dan sengaja diciptakan oleh
anggota-anggotanya untuk mengatur hubungan antar sesamanya. Kriteria
rumusan organisasi formal group merupakan keberadaan tata cara untuk
memobilisasikan dan mengoordinasikan usaha-usaha demi tercapainya tujuan
berdasarkan bagian-bagian organisasi yang bersifat khusus.<br />
Organisasi biasanya ditegakkan pada landasan mekanisme administratif.
Misalnya, sekolah terdiri atas beberapa bagian, seperti kepala sekolah,
guru, siswa, orang tua murid, bagian tata usaha dan lingkungan
sekitarnya. Organisasi seperti itu dinamakan birokrasi. Menurut Max
Weber, organisasi yang didirikan secara birokrasi mempunyai ciri-ciri
sebagai berikut:<br />
<ol>
<li>Tugas organisasi didistribusikan dalam beberapa posisi yang merupakan tugas-tugas jabatan.</li>
<li>Posisi dalam organisasi terdiri atas hierarki struktur wewenang.</li>
<li>Suatu sistem peraturan memengaruhi keputusan dan pelaksanaannya.</li>
<li>Unsur staf yang merupakan pejabat, bertugas memelihara organisasi dan khususnya keteraturan organisasi.</li>
<li>Para pejabat berharap agar hubungan atasan dengan bawahan dan pihak lain bersifat orientasi impersonal.</li>
<li>Penyelenggaraan kepegawaian didasarkan pada karier.</li>
</ol>
Sedangkan pengertian informal group adalah kelompok yang tidak
mempunyai struktur dan organisasi yang pasti. Kelompok-kelompok tersebut
biasanya terbentuk karena pertemuan-pertemuan yang berulang kali. Dasar
pertemuan-pertemuan tersebut adalah kepentingan-kepentingan dan
pengalaman-pengalaman yang sama. Misalnya klik (<em>clique</em>), yaitu
suatu kelompok kecil tanpa struktur formal yang sering timbul dalam
kelompok-kelompok besar. Klik tersebut ditandai dengan adanya
pertemuan-pertemuan timbal balik antaranggota yang biasanya hanya
“antarakita” saja.<br />
<br />
<strong>7. </strong><strong>Membership Group dan Reference Group</strong><br />
Mengutip pendapat <strong>Robert K Merton</strong>, bahwa <em>membership group</em>
adalah suatu kelompok sosial, di mana setiap orang secara fisik menjadi
anggota kelompok tersebut. Batas-batas fisik yang dipakai untuk
menentukan keanggotaan seseorang tidak dapat ditentukan secara mutlak.
Hal ini disebabkan perubahan-perubahan keadaan. Situasi yang tidak tetap
akan memengaruhi derajat interaksi di dalam kelompok tadi sehingga
adakalanya seorang anggota tidak begitu sering berkumpul dengan kelompok
tersebut walaupun secara resmi dia belum keluar dari kelompok itu.<br />
<em>Reference group</em> adalah kelompok sosial yang menjadi acuan
seseorang (bukan anggota kelompok) untuk membentuk pribadi dan
perilakunya. Dengan kata lain, seseorang yang bukan anggota kelompok
sosial bersangkutan mengidentifikasikan dirinya dengan kelompok tadi.
Misalnya, seseorang yang ingin sekali menjadi anggota TNI, tetapi gagal
memenuhi persyaratan untuk memasuki lembaga pendidikan militer. Namun,
ia bertingkah laku layaknya seorang perwira TNI meskipun dia bukan
anggota TNI.<br />
<br />
<strong>8. </strong><strong>Kelompok Okupasional dan Volunteer</strong><br />
Pada awalnya suatu masyarakat, menurut Soerjono Soekanto, dapat
melakukan berbagai pekerjaan sekaligus. Artinya, di dalam masyarakat
tersebut belum ada pembagian kerja yang jelas. Akan tetapi, sejalan
dengan kemajuan peradaban manusia, sistem pembagian kerja pun berubah.
Salah satu bentuknya adalah masyarakat itu sudah berkembang menjadi
suatu masyarakat yang heterogen. Pada masyarakat seperti ini, sudah
berkembang sistem pembagian kerja yang didasarkan pada kekhususan atau
spesialisasi. Warga masyarakat akan bekerja sesuai dengan bakatnya
masing-masing. Setelah kelompok kekerabatan yang semakin pudar
fungsinya, muncul kelompok okupasional yang merupakan kelompok terdiri
atas orang-orang yang melakukan pekerjaan sejenis. Kelompok semacam ini
sangat besar peranannya di dalam mengarahkan kepribadian seseorang
terutama para anggotanya.<br />
Sejalan dengan berkembangnya teknologi komunikasi, hampir tidak ada
masyarakat yang tertutup dari dunia luar sehingga ruang jangkauan suatu
masyarakatpun semakin luas. Meluasnya ruang jangkauan ini mengakibatkan
semakin heterogennya masyarakat tersebut. Akhirnya tidak semua
kepentingan individual warga masyarakat dapat dipenuhi.<br />
Akibatnya dari tidak terpenuhinya kepentingan-kepentingan masyarakat secara keseluruhan, muncullah <em>kelompok volunteer</em>.
Kelompok ini mencakup orang-orang yang mempunyai kepentingan sama,
namun tidak mendapatkan perhatian masyarakat yang semakin luas
jangkauannya tadi. Dengan demikian, <em>kelompok volunteer</em> dapat memenuhi kepentingan-kepentingan anggotanya secara individual tanpa mengganggu kepentingan masyarakat secara luas.<br />
Beberapa kepentingan itu antara lain:<br />
<ol>
<li>Kebutuhan akan sandang, pangan dan papan</li>
<li>Kebutuhan akan keselamatan jiwa dan harta benda</li>
<li>Kebutuhan akan harga diri</li>
<li>Kebutuhan untuk mengembangkan potensi diri</li>
<li>Kebutuhan akan kasih sayang</li>
</ol>
<strong>E. </strong><strong>Kelompok Sosial yang Tidak Teratur</strong><br />
<br />
<strong></strong><br />
<strong>1. </strong><strong>Kerumunan (Crowd)</strong><br />
Kerumunan adalah sekelompok individu yang berkumpul secara kebetulan
di suatu tempat pada waktu yang bersamaan. Ukuran utama adanya kerumunan
adalah kehadiran orang-orang secara fisik. Sedikit banyaknya jumlah
kerumunan adalah sejauh mata dapat melihat dan selama telingan dapat
mendengarkannya. Kerumunan tersebut segera berakhir setelah
orang-orangnya bubar. Oleh karena itu, kerumunan merupakan suatu
kelompok sosial yang bersifat sementara (temporer).<br />
Secara garis besar Kingsley Davis membedakan bentuk kerumunan menjadi:<br />
<br />
<strong>a. </strong><strong>Kerumunan yang berartikulasi dengan struktur sosial</strong><br />
Kerumunan ini dapat dibedakan menjadi:<br />
1) Khalayak penonton atau pendengar formal (<em>formal audiences</em>),
merupakan kerumunan yang mempunyai pusat perhatian dan tujuan yang
sama. Misalnya, menonton film, mengikuti kampanye politik dan
sebagainya.<br />
2) Kelompok ekspresif yang telah direncanakan (<em>planned expressive group</em>),
yaitu kerumunan yang pusat perhatiannya tidak begitu penting, akan
tetapi mempunyai persamaan tujuan yang tersimpul dalam aktivitas
kerumunan tersebut.<br />
<br />
<strong>b. </strong><strong>Kerumunan yang bersifat sementara (Casual Crowd)</strong><br />
Kerumunan ini dibedakan menjadi:<br />
1) Kumpulan yang kurang menyenangkan (<em>inconvenient aggregations</em>). Misalnya, orang yang sedang antri tiket, orang-orang yang menunggu kereta.<br />
2) Kumpulan orang-orang yang sedang dalam keadaan panik (<em>panic crowds</em>),
yaitu orang-orang yang bersama-sama berusaha untuk menyelamatkan diri
dari bahaya. Dorongan dalam diri individu-individu yang berkerumun
tersebut mempunyai kecenderungan untuk mempertinggi rasa panik.
Misalnya, ada kebakaran dan gempa bumi.<br />
3) Kerumunan penonton (<em>spectator crowds</em>), yaitu kerumunan yang terjadi karena ingin melihat kejadian tertentu. Misalnya, ingin melihat korban lalu lintas.<br />
<br />
<strong>c. </strong><strong>Kerumunan yang berlawanan dengan norma-norma hukum (Lawless Crowd)</strong><br />
Kerumunan ini dibedakan menjadi:<br />
1) Kerumunan yang bertindak emosional (<em>acting mobs</em>),
yaitu kerumunan yang bertujuan untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu dengan
menggunakan kekuatan fisik yang bertentangan dengan norma-norma yang
berlaku. Misalnya aksi demonstrasi dengan kekerasan.<br />
2) Kerumunan yang bersifat immoral (<em>immoral crowds</em>),
yaitu kerumunan yang hampir sama dengan kelompok ekspresif. Bedanya
adalah bertentangan dengan norma-norma masyarakat. Misalnya, orang-orang
yang mabuk.<br />
<br />
<strong>2. </strong><strong>Publik</strong><br />
Berbeda dengan kerumunan, publik lebih merupakan kelompok yang tidak
merupakan kesatuan. Interaksi terjadi secara tidak langsung melalui
alat-alat komunikasi, seperti pembicaraan pribadi yang berantai,
desas-desus, surat kabar, televisi, film, dan sebagainya. Alat
penghubung semacam ini lebih memungkinkan suatu publik mempunyai
pengikut-pengikut yang lebih luas dan lebih besar. Akan tetapi, karena
jumlahnya yang sangat besar, tidak ada pusat perhatian yang tajam
sehingga kesatuan juga tidak ada.<br />
<br />
<strong>F. </strong><strong>Masyarakat Setempat (Community)</strong><br />
Masyarakat setempat adalah suatu masyarakat yang bertempat tinggal di
suatu wilayah (dalam arti geografis) dengan batas-batas tertentu.
Faktor utama yang menjadi dasarnya adalah interaksi yang lebih besar di
antara anggota dibandingkan dengan interaksi penduduk di luar batas
wilayahnya.<br />
Secara garis besar masyarakat setempat berfungsi sebagai ukuran untuk
menggaris bawahi kedekatan hubungan antara hubungan sosial dengan suatu
wilayah geografis tertentu. Akan tetapi, tempat tinggal tertentu saja
belum cukup untuk membentuk suatu masyarakat setempat. Hal ini masih
dibutuhkan adanya perasaan komunitas (<em>community sentiment</em>).<br />
Beberapa unsur komunitas adalah:<br />
<br />
1. Seperasaan<br />
Unsur perasaan akibat seseorang berusaha untuk mengidentifikasikan
dirinya dengan sebanyak mungkin orang dalam kelompok tersebut.
Akibatnya, mereka dapat menyebutnya sebagai “kelompok kami” atau
“perasaan kami”.<br />
<br />
2. Sepenanggunan<br />
Setiap individu sadar akan peranannya dalam kelompok dan keadaan masyarakat sendiri memungkinkan peranannya dalam kelompok.<br />
<br />
3. Saling memerlukan<br />
Individu yang bergabung dalam masyarakat setempat merasakan dirinya
tergantung pada komunitas yang meliputi kebutuhan fisik maupun biologis.<br />
Untuk mengklasifikasikan masyarakat setempat, dapat digunakan empat kriteria yang saling berhubungan, yaitu:<br />
<ol>
<li>Jumlah penduduk</li>
<li>Luas, kekayaan, dan kepadatan penduduk</li>
<li>Fungsi-fungsi khusus masyarakat setempat terhadap seluruh masyarakat</li>
<li>Organisasi masyarakat yang bersangkutan</li>
</ol>
che moutzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08198123137685616928noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472234877835187645.post-21529324179828804832012-12-24T12:23:00.000-08:002012-12-24T12:23:21.640-08:00Alat Ukur Kecepatan Aliran<div style="background-color: white; color: black; text-align: justify;">
<b>Alat Ukur Kecepatan Aliran</b></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: black; text-align: justify;">
<br /> Dalam pengukuran kecepatan suatu aliran contohnya zat cair dapat digunakan beberapa alat ukur aliran yang berbeda tergantung dari alat ukur aliran yang ada atau yang tersedia.<br /> Untuk mengukur kecepatan setempat atau kecepatan yang dirata – ratakan disebuah daerah yang keccil, atau disuatu titik, dapat diukur berdasarkan beberapa asas fisika yang berbeda, diantaranya:</div>
<ol style="background-color: white; color: black; text-align: justify;"><ol>
<li>Lintasan pelampung atau partikel – partikel yang terapung secara alami. Pada pengukuran kecepatan aliran dengan menggunakan lintasan yang terapung secara alami bisa juga dikatakan pengukuran aliran secara manual, dengan membandingkan kecepatan waktu benda atau partikel yang mengalir dengan luas penampang aliran.</li>
<li>Peranti – peranti mekanis yang berputar. Untuk peranti – peranti mekanis yang berputar ada beberapa alat ukur yang dapat digunakan, antara lain :</li>
<ul>
<li>Anemometer cawan. Anemometer cawan selalu berputar tanpa menghiraukan arah alirannya. Meteran ini dapat dipasang dengan arah yang sesuai dengan arah aliran</li>
</ul>
</ol>
</ol>
<div style="background-color: white; color: black; text-align: center;">
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" /></div>
<ol style="background-color: white; color: black; text-align: justify;"><ol><ul>
<li>Rotor Savonius. Cara kerja Rotor Savonius tidak jauh berbeda dengan anemometer cawan, yakni selalu berputar pada arak yang sama tanpa menghiraukan arah alirannya.</li>
</ul>
</ol>
</ol>
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" /></div>
<ol style="background-color: white; color: black; text-align: justify;"><ol><ul>
<li>Meteran Baling – baling<br />Meteran Baling – baling pada saat pengukuran harus diarahkan dengan aliran sejajar terhadap sumbu rotasinya. </li>
</ul>
</ol>
</ol>
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NBms0ktt9MLwug5//3vf7e2tiSi0B8Ijs8NaGhoqK2tDftgINy8hyBk8MrKyvPnz0dHR5OTk6uqqi5evPjp0yf8F9q10YETzCVCjWB5jz/sp59+WllZCWizLxpIv8fIhRcvXuj1+p2dHfa4yCI/7LxnfyxuSdEOAfxGiAIkWZltsVi6u7vz8/P1er1OpysoKFheXmbPyfGxT2SukRoZCEHxHjfmq6ur6enpW1tbEsxkJaAxAZN6fvjhh+XlZSpmiBBzMGHnPTsS1ElQgaGcbnZCFhcXr1y5cuPGjaSkpMrKyoGBgd3d3TCOWRAIEI9ZXl7e0tICAGGP9zoESHG0o92/f7+0tNTDt0PkmCZc4kA03n93HUPGk7+FPuxwOEZGRjIyMlJTU3Nzcy9evFhbW/v582fg4wsoglKyd/xwCBCPee7cuQsXLoC0SxCTFcLj8SwtLWGMGpVSO5b7Wi/Ss1ooHcfoVHy9sbGxvb19/vz5vLw8rVZrMBjm5+c/f/5MRhvSFfEhCWMIVvAINh7TarUWFRV1d3cjsQQdm5BA2yXZnvPz8zs6OnBBJ8uDaHdRBN4H9FsePnyYn5+flJSUkJDQ1dU1PDw8Pz/Pnofs9Bg2TE3Eoo73hPn5+f/973/AW3aFGFJogYNcXl7GvDCU9yKH64ip5+BGk3QS1ubmdDqfPn2qUCjy8vKwUBkL2uCSAYD1hJBSFKHUD8pvBQBv377FxBkIUyL5kVFVVYVdt6jTqGgQc1+7v79PuR1E2enp6fz8/OzsbJ1OR6Ld9+GPoLsZKIKV9729vSUlJcBsdCICHMetra2dOXPm69ev4oephY73vkzFVu8k8rHfdVpa2uDgICZ/4GdwuZZaKGHoECzvT506tbq6CpGz8LGDrK+v//nnn+EbYw7dDxGH97ivxcBBPHLx4sWcnBy2exSmdWN3psiSXEEiWN7HxcXhQhkp+j0buWC322NiYkwmk9e/xBmDaHoOAIyNjaWmpmKlGuAzEDApBLMx3W43sj/U45EI/OU9SxdaDX/99de0tLS1tTWcvoiYNZL3+OLmzZulpaXAbNdEKFgXUnmPCy9rXuvq6iosLBwbG8O3bDkJuq3kbRV2PJJFYPKe+I1zeu7cOYx1Qd9HZK2S2Axre3vbYDA8ffoUANxut8ViwbTJkMr+kMp7q9VKgcFra2vJycmVlZX4MHtpMhLXSEOKgPUclBY4rRcvXiwuLgbeGxpZ0oIiUkwmU05ODlIfbfmsYSoU5BCQ96xzipYy9DRNT08bDIbJyUm8ZeK7KaSMgHmPdLHZbBaLpbS09M6dOzjR6AOKlDnF0aKBDwCePn2akJCAef5U2cL3KwJeHUIj76ka7suXLzMzMzc3N4FPaTWbzZElmEKKwPR79Hoiv1dWVtBjhXqhBBPJDwG5YEjqj46OFhUVITmQH2xCXSiuLhTvfZcmzHXG2OB9HhzflUMGHEHeoyrvcrmwiRUeFDmONxgcIsibm5up4AIF84Sijqyweg6WAyLdfWhoKCcnx2q1AoBXybpIuUciIGDeI8XNZvPw8LDBYAjFmMQHrlcmk6m8vBwbrKNhB/ctgpeoFpb3uBFHS8O9e/cqKipwa4s94r24LlMfERjv0UyGPIiPj5+dnQ3NqMQD6W/IG7PZrFKpxsfHgbd+IIGE1YyD5L2vcwqle0tLS01NDQ4V3VURYVkOCwLmvcvlwv2fUqmkfMrIBccDE3AB4MmTJxqNZnt7GwDQuSNl/R5tDADQ3NyM1eA8Ho/D4QhLUfkIQsC8RyoAQGpqatibtwkFtF3SjvbZs2fZ2dmdnZ0AQPZZMvIEb90/Mu9pABQsCQB2u/3cuXPXrl2jHL+wJNNEFvziPWsxQKMYx3FpaWnSrKEgCGZnZ7OysjB6B3j2U6X2ICl1BN7TLUC9i22XgBUi6F8htcAeGwS8r8XdHgCkpKSgHnyM0draWlVVhVWUkfq+6TVHYJWfvPfS4/EFVq1BG47ZbC4tLe3t7QWm7qTMcn8QcJwC3v7NzU2FQvHu3bsQDSu8YH1wjY2NFMDjcDhwj+trMg+IbUHq9xQ4nZ2djaFmlBguW+j9RMB6Dr64evVqUVFRqAYlASCNOI7b3NzMzc3t6OgwGo3AKzyi6Tm+jxMtOP39/QaDwWQyockV12GZ934iYN7jzLa2tmK6CRw79ZEsPKQrOxyOrKysnJwcLH9HpKeieRBKeY/LC/3Fqz9+/Dg/Px8vHa6WIRGNgHmP837nzh10bR5LHEigFy9e5OTkdHZ20lPhdDqp7vkRzn8472kMVEYYww3cbvfu7m5qaurMzAz4JAeSOyKg8UQhAtPv6R60tLRUVVWFaEySAnIIJev79+91Ol1FRQWxDdnvxfvv0g4/76e8xyoGHF/6AQBaW1vRUx5xMbDSwVHi73d3d0+fPo03I0TDkghIeWB9QF1dXSqV6v79++gwslgs9K/DlQ0SxvhCq9ViTMThYE2oAPDs2bPc3Fyj0XhglVYZfiIA3pPiu7u7+9NPP3G/rSZ3XEG8p+Z7APD8+fOKiorY2NilpaUjn1mn042Ojn7riiwoC8xut8fFxY2MjABvuGQLmsvwHwH7awFga2vr9OnT0UB6BMdUoWGNOb/++mtWVhamaVMVVRa+Bpb9/f2ZmZnZ2dm5ubl///vfTU1Nc3Nzr169WlhY8Loixk1gQCUuLHa7vaSkBJcIdi977FfdUCDg/FoA2N7e/t///ncEO0aE4kABjBlnX758yc/PJ7GNtcQoU5u8SB0dHcXFxaWlpTk5OWq1OisrKyMjIzk5OSMjQ61Wa7Xa9PT0wsLC0tLS4uLi+fl5D9/t1W63o4tqb2+voKDgQL1Ipv4R4K89hw1NsdvtJ0+eDHtXQPFB9MLofKS+0WgsLS2trKxcW1sDfqfL1o68dOlSbW1tT09Pb28vFWnygsvlevz48YMHD7q7u9PS0gwGAwb/ockIANLS0vzZDMjwE4Hp9xjw1NLS0tzcHM2RT2i2x1JkAGCz2ZqamrRaLfaep9DO8fHxM2fOUPUOBIpw3K1aLBbcMXtJkImJibi4uOvXr+OEd3V1FRcXYxVbWbQLggDkPUn9lJQU3FpFJ+9xHoj6ZFRZXl7W6/UVFRVI+oGBgby8vMXFRWCeE1wkUWvH1/gvjm+KSs/A2tpac3PzlStXBgYGqqqqcKrNZnP0lDQLKQLb1+INTk1NffLkCQBEszGB2E+UBYDt7e0rV67U1dVdunQJ856ALxtKn4dvRDKzkgVrnABAa2trfHw8nhwzfiK66rx0ENi+FoWNTqfr6+uD6OY9C8xJoHTE7OzshIQEYMwyAZ2N4zhcQ3B6u7q6mpub0TEseMZj1OIodky1Wo17LFnqIFBdQZpeu3btypUrwNt22PKUfoLNasdzVlZWYn2uUBe0ih4ckfcDAwMQ7u7HYQepJRxfXuXz58+nTp0ymUwcx1mtVg/T4cx/UHIjhj1zHPf169e8vDx0FMj6vSAI2H4/NzeXlZW1vr7OtoiJWiD1yVRPrb4wsuBbJagOh9sHALCzs6NSqY5NYmfYEXC+VXd3t16vh2g15niB3BoAsLKygntQluj+k56N3mHDKslDPDg4mJeXR92mZASDgHn/8OFDnU4HsnIPAL/lvU6ne/jwIQit/pG1FAD+9re/7ezsgDz5QSNg3mPDDJCnnpHQHo9nbGxMr9ejTi+IG5umlxR9t9t99epVTCFnrx78tY4HApqKAPJO8O/g4GBGRgb8dkWWceHCBTS5oAsWhGMkbh4wSmdmZiYxMZH9rzz/LPzXMAPOO2ltba2vr4/mIAUWOLnb29sKheLz588om4UyuZCrC00IHMc9efJEpVIBv8h47QSiFqy2Cf5ZewOLS7PZbDExMbi1ivK5ZrGxsfGf//wHmHoTwq6E2D7W4/FsbGxkZGRg2SKMbohyUzILysYkI9ghtyAwO6bT6fznP//59etXDDm0WCyO6AaW1vnw4cOZM2eomCY7Y8EDT0tb24KCgpaWFpx/m82GJfxlAN+0i6pYHz6rAfut4uLizpw5k5iYmJycnCAjISEhISEmJuYvf/kLx3EYPyO4PQfDdVCGlZSU/PGPf1QoFAkJCXFxcXFxceH+9WIjPj7e63V8fPyf/vQnDIZFMSGMnkNAR4zD4bDZbHa73Ww2Y7h5uJ/2cMLpdK6urmLiJZWnPDLLfeHhW/TgSmIwGNra2kjeY+206AQSD2tmJSQkDA0NAe8793yvo9FR4hR8X0c5Njc3sWm7w+EQfMdPAfq4jOTl5d29excip3FqqIGTkJ6ejllvbCz3IQi2f60MAFhfXz916hTw8cPC2lg4jjObzdiAaGZmRqVSbW9vozPLEfqWoxIEx1d2wUwGt9s9ODio1+tNJhPur3BahLRjHjiCaAaFyxcWFlKjFAEzj9EuROccHBxMTk4G3onr4RtLRg/IUIaF/1HYt7e35+bmAj8t/myxZHl/dLDMfvHihUKhMBqNuM4KexW6ly9fviTecxwXVR3GCUh9DNXGPU9nZycV0sJIWJn3YgClTm5ubn9//4EzHozsx30bZpykpaU9f/4cGFt11Kr4bL+9np4ejCGgGlvfnRaZ90cHrbk4y8vLy9jYFOedLblz5PPjC2pUmJmZSZmKBEF+S8SB7AdOp5OSEzi+0pHM+xCC1TUBYGNjIy0tbXFxkeOrxlLyOAQu8tm4NI/HYzKZlErl5OSk73oSzbssjuMsFsuJEycO/NchX5R5f3TQzJJOf+fOneLiYiqygL6O72bnHH6HUHR1dXVlZWWBTwHkaIOvJd1qtcbExAS6v5d5f3R42RaQ+qdPn8b2pqiXH9iLwcvQ+V2BPT09nZmZiZGe0WbA8YVXNJ7M+7AB5b3NZtvf33/16lVBQcH79+8BwOPxBF8BYWBg4OzZs2NjY8D3XRRgxBEOVlLIvA8nUKFHkf/y5cv4+Pj29nZU8amoINofcNdLFaO88mhRR6JN28jIyJ///Oc//OEP2GWICoLj1i2aNXt2Dk+cOBFoqrfM+2CBMfdYPwe5m5+ff+HChZqamrKyMiodhRRHTqOrFe8ZPhtmsxnZzMZUXbt2TalULi4urq6uZmZmrq6uAt+I3Gq14mMWtak/lIHQ3t5eV1cX6DIo814AoMMcl9pbt27V19fjbRgZGVGr1Tdv3mRTIpDrKOBRO8KdAEkst9s9NjaWmZl548YNusTc3JxOp2tsbNzb2wPeK8zasKMNpPIplUqKSPP/6zLvA4avSYEc41tbW//+97+/fv1KH5iZmamtrT1z5szt27e3t7fp+IHGzampqc7OToVCkZ+f//DhQ/RKkgdgfX29ubk5Pj6+u7sbeJ0nCre5NOf42zMyMvr7+wM9icz7wMAaYbxem81mhUIxNzfH8RV1SITv7u5WV1dj2fuUlJRLly4tLS2tr68vLy8vLy8bDAaVSqVWqwsKCsrKyt6+fYvfIu3f4XBQ+RCr1drQ0NDc3Pz582fwMW54DfJYgn4vyg6dTifzXiSgVkNbK7wBd+/eLSsrA16W+7oMt7a23rx58+bNm9bWVqVS+fvf//7EiRMajWZiYgKPe/GV+y3ouNvt/vnnnxMTE+vq6nC/63A4rFar4Ckv0gTF5+Cc6PX6np4ekPUcEYCSGJNvHHzV74yMjIAKpGVlZWE5dRZeFPc9FZHbaDReu3YtNzcXu+o6eQTzuyIINpvNbDZbLJbs7OyJiYlAlziZ94GBFlk0Te7t7bnd7s3NTa1WSw1lDw8OIRtldnY21pny/7rA1OLEk8zMzGi12pWVFeCfRt+vHEugZWxgYECr1ULg1ftk3h8FaD7HLJPV1dXs7GwkPXVwOPy7KJXT0tKwvK6fBKVHzisY8927dzk5OU1NTVFVGh8NWUNDQ2lpaRD4r5Z5Hxg4PtkHlY2VlZXMzMw3b94AAEbjUC+3b4GSRTIyMo7QsopjmkdQ0NuXL1/q6upKSkrMZjNEB/XxN46Ojqanp0PgYUsy748CnOX5+fns7A/7qCwAABN4SURBVGyvFrb+c06r1frTr9z35F4bALrlT548yc7ORgM/bgOOcT8sfPiHh4fZ6n3+f13m/VGAU3z69GnsYei/sGGNM5mZmcj7I4coA8979H8BwNjYWHZ29s2bN9GKeoy3ucj7p0+fpqSkgKzfhwhegtblctXX19+5cweO1IPEi/dBggz8JpMJAN68eVNeXn7u3Dmz2exrGA3+chIBmhYyMzNxZyXr92KgoqICu3Pi7AcqbATkPfbPcjqddrud7SnU1dVVWFh4/II3vXyFP/zwAy50srwPCVj95PXr10lJSRhgTKbDgOSNULzHIaFhB19T2A8A9Pf3FxQUoKpDdZSOk8gHgJiYmN3dXZDlvbCg2SQyTUxM6HQ6NgLnyKcVSs/xBfpuAWBgYOCf//wnxgUdv9Dl69evNzQ0UEmVgL4r894v4LQODQ0ZDAbsOBIMBJT3XkcwaMLFoKSkRKPRfPz4EX67/47cB4BGbjAYcIsl81540Cz39vYWFBSgehOkwhA6ec/xRXUwMA7XqOnpaa1W++uvvwKzQT8GOk9paSl20bNarbKeExK0tbVVVFRgKM53PVPfRUh5j3SninnoycLKtcepJ9z79+9TU1M3NjZcLhcm9wQEmfcAvHrA8dVXvKIgb9y4UVdXR5/8bq3d7yKkvMfdLf0iapje2Nh4+fJlYIR9RIv8Fy9epKamAl+LV5b3AYO4QplQbIBXU1NTc3Oz71eCvCKEcl/LAh8A/F3Nzc0XL14EpmhwxPGetarFx8cDn4Ai6/dHBFoA2SSmqampyspKlJHCQjTek2WTFJ6zZ88uLCwAH2IUQeXWvIT648eP8/PzgYmVCgjRxfsDxRuqN5QhxfElFxUKxYMHDwBAcG+/mLzHJxk7AgHA2tpaQUHB/Pw8qUMhHUDwYOnO3r7Y2Nhff/2V41MxZT3HL/g68Clt6t27d3q9/vz58/gvajci+NVDzXv8UWjeYStYra6uxsTEsJm77GxIUPM5cEixsbFra2u0Ssu8/w5Y4UG6L9F6amoqNzf33r17+BYnVHB3j8j6PfvQopivrKzEOAsqxYPskbL4J50N38bGxmJhFSxRIev33wEZsMmzg8cxv5vS9r71RQHHIA7vvYAqwfLyclJS0vr6Oq5maJm12+0SFPYEJDcV5/rvf/+7vLwMfP0ikPNrfcHa7Di+cjdV4Hj+/HlxcXFCQkJvby8qwZhIFdLxQPh4j7ypra29cuUK8CFGmD4m5Tg2Umk8Hs/s7Gx6evr6+jodj0Y9hyU0e8TrM74fGxwcVKlU2dnZ3d3dpOmi/BNhwOLzHr1aJDJ1Ol1nZyfwOelHU5RFA2uAKigouHbtGjBGzEBNOseB91747i7NarU+fPhQqVTm5ORgiiAAUCgvVvATYYRi8p6eeeQ3Wqhev34dFxdnNBpRycGnXYK85/jcTtqInzt3rqGhAXjeR6l+T6oLiiuqwwoAXtvW0dHRixcvKpXKwsJCzFdgT0J5q6G+92HUc+C3y2NFRQVu4skgKP54vgt2S8ZxnMViKSgoGBwcpA8cQU4dB94jyOWEqx4bRcNx3MjISGpqan5+/tWrV9+/fx/eoYaX9yxWVlZiYmKAT4qXsj2HauguLy/jmBFHE1JS5L0/v+RADZ61z+zs7KyurjY0NOj1+tzc3Ly8PEoA55hc7LBAOrx///59YmIiroq0SEoQJOxdLtfFixdRuQ8GEuX90R5ivG0Oh+PatWuZmZmpqakdHR1jY2NTU1P4AbzB2DgEwqfLSof3LperuLi4ra0NACwWi5TlPdkrT548iZb7YG6f5Hh/4K6UTZPjfAozvXnzZmRkZGRkpKamJikpKSUlpb6+fn19nT0Vav+4VlK/33BBCrynybl+/XpNTY3b7ZamHZPGSYGlP/744/z8fJCnlRzvgfmpZHRDvjocDlJjLBbL4OCgTqfT6XS5ubn5+fnZ2dn9/f3b29tUbts3GMH3YFggEd7Tunr69OmVlRVU/6QwPwcCjTaTk5M6nW5nZyfIcUqR9wgqP4Zdi0nkP3v27Oeff1apVIWFhZOTk9i4lECOdy+JLqnbKRHeAwDKkUePHmVnZ4MQKTWhA97Q8+fPU+hUMJAu71EXZ2/D8PBwcnJycXHxtWvXsGAT3TwsTUxdQPB2SvYWSoH3CPRYmc1mnU43OjoqQT2HgPf01q1bJSUleORY6fcEEvCvX7/W6/Woz8zPz5MgR/sD6j/UOYey7EDmvR+geI3S0tKrV6/6fuDINgahQNqp2Ww2Go25ubnPnz/33eMFCmnx3qtjwqNHj/R6fUpKyujoKDlWqRQwFZDAcEJKrqMjYfsZ34MUeM86gwAgPz8faxNQ/KnUYhbcbvfGxga2Jg/+aQw/7+k3IFmxYMGHDx8uXLiQk5MzOjp64FfEHqWgCDvv2TnHmIXm5ubLly+TD4RN3pPObNfW1lLhkOPAe3xBYn5sbCwlJaWxsRHf4m3wCjySzs04AsLOewLGI6G4iY2N3dzcdPPNRqn4VLjge4vj4+OnpqY4vkRcMCcPG+/ZIAL6u7W1VV1dXVBQgMmgHo/HYrGQVhPRXGchHd5j8CkSvaOjIzc3F/iNEzUMFBkHOnDwhVKpHB8fBwCbzRbx8p7w8eNHjJ/BMkC4VUWbvd1uP04lraXAexwDGgbQbI+VOVDQUDPGsMiaAy86OTmZkZGxu7tLRc8jzJ5DAp42VW63e3x8XKfToR8ObwPrnT1mnfqkw3vgbwSqNHq9vre3FwDQSgZh1SfZWkYA0NLSghZMEvYRxnsCEtpoNGID183NzTAORkxIivcstFotttxCmRrGMDWOj4tGh73Vak1ISPj8+bPJZMKmpRGp55AxAQAePHiArVqiB1LgPQvi0KtXr7BdVBj1e4SXbfrdu3cKhYLjOHwag4+nEJX3vmMdGRnJy8vb29sLr3QRGVLjPYuCgoKHDx96mH6J4qs65IanBKu0tDRsSo5Hgt/shZP3vb29RUVFFosFjpodHKGQIO9p5h8/fqxSqcCnAIn4YBMIMzIyMMGK2roEaWMVifc0rUTuu3fvVlRUsEaDKCE9SI/37My3tbUZDAYIvDOmsIPh+AZKqAVoNBrceABDIanva2lLjuHEANDW1kbRRVEIqfGe4PF45ubm9Hq9b58I8YFGPI7jFhcXNRoN1u8XCiHnPftQonK2sbERFxcn7M+ILEiW9ziwpKSksbExOFK+tlDDQKcsCvu+vj6NRiPsJUTVc1B+1NTUCBJCHbmQJu85Pu/k6dOnyDMveS+aIsrxlT1xC5uVleVV/CJ4hJb3vnFznZ2dFRUVqPAEH1UXoZAm7wEA9QqPx5ORkYEi3wti3i90WtlstpMnTwrurQ8J71lfINZ+QIpvbW2pVCpyyko5VDikkCzvKfb4yZMnWVlZRqMRj1B4ppgiHz30DQ0Nly5dEvzSIZT3HF/AFg1PHo+nv78/ISEB+Nx4KWfvhxSS5T0GROHwTpw48fr1ayrCdYRafMEAx7C4uKhSqT59+hS8g9YLoeI9eWRxvnDKiouL29vb4aAcwqiCZHmP+jSuw83NzRgKjnZ0cZRSr0sMDw8rlUoIQaXeUOk5ZGHFXbnb7Z6ZmUlOTsYP0CIQiqtLH5LlPUUgA4DZbEazG2b3hyUOXKFQoFZstVojg/fA6zm4RDqdTrVaPTQ0BHyXXezDEYqrSx9S5r3NZqPInNbWVvJhiSCnuN9mzRqNxrNnz2JreMGfOjHsORzHTUxMJCcns262qFVyQKq89707Ho/nwoULN27cwA+EiPd0RZSPFBRdXV3d1NQEAFSjXMCLhpz3uBNvaWmhFrAypMn7A/Hp06fY2NgvX75wIS4qSjUBUB3Y3t7Ozc19+PAh8F1HI0be40yhHTMmJib4GlfHBhLnPd0mzD5ZXFxMSkoSobgiqgZoqn/16tVPP/0ETLuHiOE9GQeQ958/fw7dtSILEuc9MHoOlreorKzEQgbf+qQgwF0E5nk1NDRgi2kP34FLqKsgQmvPQWHvdDpPnjy5tbUF0a3WE6TPewRtNN+/f3/69Gm8g8A4lQS/Fuoznz59OnPmzO7uLvCmcMFVrNDac6jt/X/+8x9Z3hMihffkfgGA2dlZrVb76dMnABDWssmavFGrqaqqun379oEfEwqh1XModeCHH34wGo2hu1ZkIVJ4Tx53bPM4PT2t1WqxcF0oslJQw8G1JdR7iZDbc5D3OTk54+Pjvj8mOtWeSOE98JELVqvVZDIBwMrKilqtfvv2LfCFWgUEntBgMPT19UGIuSFS/P3Q0FBKSkqorxUpiBTeY6sF7PRI1XZXV1dzcnJevnwZ5MkPpPXExIRKpRLBpxlyOyYuiKurq0ql8sOHD+zx6BT2EDm855iKfBxfyAgAvnz5YjAYnj59yn6SjciC7ylC3G+rz+J37Xa7VqvFiqih9g2HNg6ZCp4BQFNTU3V1NfCtGYIv9Ra5iBTee4FMLgCws7NTWFhYX1/f1dWF/6UK7BSRdeD99XpC6ISbm5vFxcWPHj0CPpIlpL9FDH8tNUOuqqoqLCwE3hkh8z6yeA98bQ/ssuF0Oi9dulRUVFRfX08Gayp24KuosFkZ+BdjgZDizc3NRUVFwHSsCekPEUPPIUmwvr5+6tSp5uZmWsW85sLr6+LEvoqPyOW9x+NxOBw2m81sNhM1u7q68vLyyE5NbThIQSKis3eTwhYBoKenp6KiAhvLWa1WEWLgQst7JD1OASWa3L17NycnB2MzD//6sSQ9RCbvkaa448SAGUoqAoCnT5+ePn26urqaOg36f/tu375dVlaGEWnoIRY8y8QXodXvgdmgcHwpEQB4/PhxRkYG+SZwEtl98DEmPUQm7xG+cZGsYL5x44ZWq9Xr9dPT015fZL+Fr10u19DQUGpqamNjo1cQqAh3P7RxCuwRfMH24mxsbFQoFBMTEygzrFYrKnzYiUDmvcRx4A2y2+3Dw8MqlSo/P7+4uPjevXsmk2lnZ2d7e9vj8ZhMJqPRuLe3d/36dY1Go9frl5aWUMyzD4YIt17UOoHUDJ72PSMjIyqVSqPR7Ozs4GeoStYxzko5HrxnQaGUJP6Hhob6+/ubm5sTEhISExMTEhJKSko0Gk1iYmJ8fPz58+dfv35NX6d6gKJBVN7v7++j+dLJA49PTU2dOnWqoaFhcXERj3x3pYtoRehY8h4AsBe8V/MpbNvhdrufPHmyvr5utVoxHgEArFYrmT5FTjoVlfco5inTnOybALCxsXH79m2FQlFaWrq8vIxe8QPxLcZH0GNw/HiP4DgO9ViMT0GzD77GeGZswU1/KadR/MLL4vGeOwjwWx7v7+/39vYqlcr4+Pjr1693d3fT16laIgWmUtgqudAjBceM99/iK8c0AyUnLvCFXd2/7TEsstiSUH8r8mQ5nc6vX79euHChvLw8KSmpq6uLysThPGIeEPKeHoCwjj0wHDPeEw55AIL5eiggId6j7RZ7SpIKuLKycu7cufT09OLi4vLy8pWVFYpnpuB+SkXzPaeXo+TA64qvIB1X3kcQJMR77KGHJEaPN8vIiYmJ+/fvp6amxsfHX7169f79+wee5ED7KatT+T+e0D0PMu/DDgnxnuM4aitpsVgoJ516SgIfGXv58uWqqqq0tDSFQtHQ0DA7O+vrKPmudGcfCfapEMFSJPM+7JAE71kusrTz0lK86LiysvLhw4eOjg61Wq3RaIqKikpKSj59+rSzs4P5QQS0GKAihMYEcgyjy4wy3HCrEOoYaZn3YYckeB8QvsXI8fHxzs7O9PT0xMTEnJyce/fu3bt37/bt25gX5/V1tKLiM4D7CjSqoiUu1D2iZd6HHZHHewQawlBIY2gDHkd32Pz8fEVFRW1tbV1dXX5+vkKhQM/A7Ozs7OzswsKC16nYkr+oSh1uX/N/NTjk6zLvw4jI4z0xiQK1qQQn7g3QRUKwWq1LS0vLy8sYN6JWqzMyMoqKikpLS4uLixcXFy0Wi8lkOtwS6qeZOSCDncz7MCLyeE9A7xXH5/wjcfEFNZX4FhEHBwd7enr6+vp0Ol1CQkJ8fHxFRUV7e3tbW9uBfT7AZ7Ph4RsicEzKHPBOGQQOydeUJPM+7Ig83h8iU4+2GcWHZHh4uLq6uqamprCwUKFQqFSq3NzcmZmZN2/evHr16sBroUZETxrrSUCDLK4/vqOSeR92RB7v/UEwtkiz2bywsLC8vPzkyRONRqNSqTIyMkpKSsp5VFRUlJWV9fX1Wa3Wvb09L7UKAHzzMw4M0JB5H0YcT94HCkwHQ6ZSaw32yRkdHe3q6urp6enu7u7u7u7q6mpoaMDwWo1GgwrS7du329raNjc3v3s5mfdhh8x7AD6Q0Gw2o6cMHwDaNH9ry2s2m/f39z9+/FhVVVVTU1NTU1NbW5udna1UKpVKZUpKSlpaWnJy8tOnT9+8efOax9LSEn49NzeXenDLEBky7wF+m+HG+q0ocNrXg/ath2F7e/vdu3eLi4v4d2lpqaioSM1Ao9FUVVVVVFT87ne/Y0vQyBATMu/9giDmSwJqSo8fP97d3fXdHsgQATLvwwlcN8QPCJUh815UEMWpZJLIeaUyEDLvxQPr9GXbWcvyXnzIvA8D2AdA5n1YIPNeRjRC5r2MaITMexnRCJn3MqIRMu9lRCP+H1vF6EC4mKmVAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" /></div>
<ol style="background-color: white; color: black; text-align: justify;"><ol><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<ul>
<li>Meteran Turbin. Untuk meteran turbin sma halnya dengan meteran baling – baling yakni harus searah dengan aliran terhadap sumbu rotasinya. </li>
</ul>
</ol>
</ol>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="background-color: white; color: black;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
3. Tabung Pitot </blockquote>
</blockquote>
<div style="background-color: white; color: black; text-align: justify;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Tabung pitot merupakan alat ukur yang digunakan untuk mengukur suatu tekanan fluida. Biasanya tabung pitot ini digunakan pada pesawat untuk mengukur kecepatan dari suatu pesawat. </blockquote>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Tabung pitot diciptakan oleh insinyur Prancis yang bernama Henri de Pitot (1695-1771) di awal abad 18 dan telah dimodifikasi untuk bentuk modern pada pertengahan abad ke-19 oleh ilmuwan Prancis yaitu Henry Darcy. Dan sampai sekarang tabung pitot banyak digunakan untuk menentukan kecepatan udara dari sebuah pesawat dan untuk mengukur kecepatan udara dan gas dalam aplikasi industri. </blockquote>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Pitot tube atau tabung pitot ialah pipa terbuka kecil dimana permukaannya bersentuhan langsung dengan aliran. Pada tabung pitot ini terdiri dari 2 pipa, yaitu :</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
a. Static tube (untuk mengukur tekanan statis) </blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Pipa ini membuka secara tegak lurus sampai ke aliran sehingga dapat diketahui tekanan statisnya. Tekanan statis (fluida diam) ditinjau ketika fluida yang sedang diam atau berada dalam keadaan setimbang. Fluida statis erat kaitannya dengan hidraustatika dan tekanan. Hidraustatika merupakan ilmu yang mempelajari tentang gaya maupun tekanan di dalam zat cair yang diam.</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
b. Dinamic tube (untuk mengukur tekanan dinamis) </blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Tekanan dinamis atau fluida ideal merupakan fluida yang mengalir (bergerak). Ciri umum dari fluida idel.</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Cara Kerja Tabung Pitot<br />Pada prinsip kerjanya tabung pitot ini merubah Energi kinetik dikonversikan menjadi static pressure head dan biasanya digunakan untuk mengukur aliran fluida yang lambat.</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<img border="0" height="118" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigjEVV_gpJ-LV1BFidE-79K6Pk-kzKWaf9dkQqeHHqP-Z02NJdK9lnlz_mS1egIrDiWo3Fsa1PulPBJBOdlFKF8OPKhhFy8QDySEowkKysq8sMq8oFP80Ugu-oqhgYA-B5mQCF1l4WJ5Y/s320/Picture1.jpg" width="320" /></div>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: black; text-align: justify;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Cara kerja pitot tube : </blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Pipa yang mengukur tekanan statis (P1) terletak secara radial pada batang yang dihubungkan ke skala pengukuran. </blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Tekanan pada ujung pipa di mana fluida masuk merupakan tekanan stagnasi dinamis (P2) </blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Kedua pengukuran tekanan tersebut dimasukkan dalam persamaan Bernoulli untuk mengetahui kecepatan alirannya<br />untuk persamaan perhitungan kecepatan flownya menggunakan persamaan bernouli :</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="background-color: white; color: black;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
υ= √((2(p_2-p_1))/ρ)<br /></blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<div style="background-color: white; color: black;">
<br /></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="background-color: white; color: black;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
3. Meteran Arus Elektromagnetik </blockquote>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="background-color: white; color: black;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Jika medan magnet yang melintang mempengaruhi fluida yang menghantar, gerak fluida itu akan mengimbaskan tegangan elektrik antara dua elektroda yang dipasang pada aliran. Elektoda tersebut dapat dibentuk sesuai dengan garis fluida, atau dimasukan pada dinding sehingga hanya menyebabkan sedikit hambatan pada aliran atau bahkan tidak sama sekali. Untuk instrumen – instrumen alat ukur ini harganya relatif mahal.</blockquote>
</div>
4. Kawat panas dan Selaput panas </blockquote>
</blockquote>
<div style="background-color: white; color: black; text-align: justify;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Anemometer kawat panas ini sangat cocok digunakan untuk mengukur aliran yang bergejolak dan cepat. Gagasan dasar anemometer kawat panas ini diambil dari karya L.A.King, tentang kalor yang hilang dari silinder tipis yang panjang. </blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Akan tetapi kawat panas ini rapuh dan mudah rusak, sehingga kawat panas ini tidak cocok untuk mengukur aliran zat cair, sebab kerapatannya yang besar dan endapan yang hanyut dalam aliran tidak akan langsung memutuskan kawat tersebutu. </blockquote>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="background-color: white; color: black;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Untuk itu yang lebih cocok digunakan untuk mengukur aliran zat cair yaitu anemometer selaput panas. Cara kerja anemometer selaput panas sama dengan cara kerja anemometer kawat panas.</blockquote>
</div>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="background-color: white; color: black;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
5. Anemometer doppler-laser </blockquote>
</blockquote>
<div style="background-color: white; color: black; text-align: justify;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Dalam anemometer ini penghukuran aliran menggunakan lasser yang sangat terfikus dengan dilewatkan melalui aliran. Bila sinar itu dihamburkan oleh partikel yang bergerak dalam aliran, pengamatan dapat mendeteksi suatu perubahan atau ingsutan doppler dalam frekuensi cahaya yang terhambur. </blockquote>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: black; text-align: justify;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Anemometer doppler ini memiliki beberapa keunggulan yang diantaranya :<br />o Aliran tidak terganggu<br />o Daya pisah keruangan dari alirannya tinggi.<br />o Data kecepatannya tidak tergantung pada sifat termodinamika fluida.<br />o Tegangan – elektrik keluarnya berbanding lurus dengan kecepatannya.<br />o Tidak perlu dikalilbrasi. </blockquote>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Kekurangan dari ADL bahwa aliran fluida yang akan di ukur harus tembus cahaya atau transparan, dan juga harga dari alat ukur ini sangatlah mahal.<br /> </blockquote>
</blockquote>
</div>
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<img border="0" height="202" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHqIEhvkyoAFyJyU6Tj4qX4nIWhtqMreJucpDrx21eDZNBIuscQ8D-QvkhTwY_Pn6HtVb8KCp4ZnOt-0SHjNk9FNdmMJW_K0KpGJWhnSPH9QFcBsxQF6uAFAnEdtHnuUZiphGDHU2e3jQ/s400/Picture1m.jpg" width="400" /></div>
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che moutzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08198123137685616928noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472234877835187645.post-69667824101269755552012-12-14T05:54:00.001-08:002012-12-14T05:54:48.912-08:00Kata Pengantar Tugas Akhir<div style="text-align: right;">
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<div style="text-align: center;">
KATA PENGANTAR</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br />
الرَّحِيمِ الرَّحْمنِ ﷲبِسْــــــــــــــــــمِ</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i>Assalamu’alaikum warahmatullahhi wa barakatuh. </i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
Puja dan puji syukur penulis ucapkan kepada Allah SWT, berkat rahmatdan hidayah-Nya penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Shalawat serta salam tercurahkan kepada Rasulullah SAW, keluarga dan sahabatnya.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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Selanjutnya, penulis ingin menyampaikan rasa terima kasih yang tak terhingga kepada semua pihak yang membantu kelancaran penulisan skripsi ini, baik berupa dorongan moril maupun materil. Karena penulis yakin tanpa bantuan dan dukungan tersebut, sulit rasanya bagi penulis untuk menyelesaikan penulisan skripsi ini. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Disamping itu, izinkan penulis untuk menyampaikan ucapan terima kasih dan penghargaan yang setinggi-tingginya kepada :</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<ol>
<li>Kedua orang tua dan seluruh keluarga yang saya cintai, dengan segala ketulusan hatinya memberikan dorongan moril, materil serta spiritual dan doa-doanya yang selalu menyertai penulis dalam penyusunan tugas akhir ini.</li>
<li>Bapak Novandri Tri Setioputro, ST ,MT. Sebagai dosen pembimbing dan juga inspirasi dan motipasi bagi penulis sehingga terselesaikannya tugas akhir ini.</li>
<li> Bapak H. Deni Poniman Kosasih, ST,MT. Sebagai Dekan Fakultas Teknik Universitas Subang.</li>
<li> Bapak Kasda,ST. Sebagai dosen wali Jurusan Teknik Mesin.</li>
<li>Bapak M. Mukti Ali, ST. Sebagai Ketua Jurusan Teknik Mesin.</li>
<li> Semua Dosen dan Staf Karyawan Fakultas teknik Universitas Subang.</li>
<li>Semua rekan mahasiswa Fakultas Teknik yang ikut membantu menyelesaikan tugas akhir ini.</li>
<li>Semua pihak yang tidak bisa disebutkan satu persatu yang sudah membantu dalam penyusunan tugas akhir ini.</li>
</ol>
semoga segala bantuan yang diberikan pada penulis dalam menyelesaikan tugas akhir ini mendapatkan balasan yang setimpal dari Allah SWT.<br />
<br />
Penulis menyadari sebagai makhluk yang tak lepas dari salah dan khilaf yang jauh dari kesempurnaan. dan dalam hal penulisan tugas akhir ini masih banyak kekeurangan, baik ditinjau dari segi bahasa, materi, maupun penyajian. Oleh karena itu penulis dengan segala kerendahan hati menerima saran dan kritik yang sifatnya membangun untuk dimasa yang akan datang.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
Subang, November 2012</div>
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<br /></div>
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Penulis</div>
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<br />
<br /></div>
</div>
che moutzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08198123137685616928noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472234877835187645.post-49201713893084961412012-12-07T02:55:00.001-08:002012-12-07T02:58:07.000-08:00Hariring Kuring Urang Cisugih<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpMg4hQNZrwMleLxCulPjO9ZweCBHUVmTPy2R5fsMjmhbk5tUtPlQgjRJyy8yCUEoIj2dMf2HdbJQkCQcH95kUS4VhEQZTE6LnlDuop1DLVAcf5mLnlcyzf7CJ-TY3zbOP5fffVKbMh-o/s1600/cs.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="148" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpMg4hQNZrwMleLxCulPjO9ZweCBHUVmTPy2R5fsMjmhbk5tUtPlQgjRJyy8yCUEoIj2dMf2HdbJQkCQcH95kUS4VhEQZTE6LnlDuop1DLVAcf5mLnlcyzf7CJ-TY3zbOP5fffVKbMh-o/s400/cs.gif" width="400" /></a><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dwHhtWPfvZUH-JoaAHveqEgE1tQiZAQAYcZQCtsmL8MTvVz1QqcCRRnNgkcb0oC_GEaD9yS-CJRcaVTTvM_RQ' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<div id="_dyhb23rg4374">
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che moutzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08198123137685616928noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472234877835187645.post-62013016058730453872012-12-07T02:08:00.000-08:002012-12-07T02:08:06.692-08:00Lirik Lagu Subang TandangGenah betah jeung sungkan mulang<br />Hate geus kapincut ku kota subang<br />Tuh beulah kidul mayakpak di kebon enteh<br />Tuh beulah kaler mayakpak di kebon karet<br /><br />Rangga wulung tempat latihan pramuka<br />Aeh … ciater pani’isan balarea<br /><br />Sungkan mulang paturay kedah pa anggang<br />Hate geus kabandang ku kota subang<br />Duh nagri subur rahayatna oge ma’mur<br />Duh nagri sugih rahayat taya nu sedih<br /><br />Urang rojong urang dorong <br />Kota subang mugia tandang<br />Yu.. ronjatkeun gotong royong<br />che moutzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08198123137685616928noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472234877835187645.post-85074454189397791652012-12-03T02:34:00.003-08:002012-12-03T02:34:42.345-08:00DESAIN DAN PERANCANGAN ALAT UKUR ALIRAN AIR MENGGUNAKAN METODA TABUNG PITOT<div style="text-align: center;">
ABSTRAK</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<i>Alat ukur aliran air sangat diperlukan sekali terutama dalam bidang mikro hidro untuk kajian Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikro Hidro (PLTMH). Alat ukur aliran air sangat penting peranannya karna untuk mengukur kecepatan suatu aliran air, sehingga dapat diketahui debit air yang akan digunakan untuk keperluan pembangkit listrik.</i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /><i>Tabung Pitot Merupakan suatu alat yang bisa digunakan untuik mengukur aliran fluida, tabung pitot biasanya digunakan untuk mengukur fluida gas. Dalam penelitian ini mencoba mendesain Tabung Pitot yang sederhana dan bisa digunakan untuk mengukur aliran air. Pada tabung pitot digunakan 2 pipa untuk menentukan tekanan statik dan dinamik dari aliran, sehingga dapat diketahui beda tinggi tekanan statik dan dinamik dari aliran. Pada keadaan air diam tekanan statik dan dinamik akan setimbang.</i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /><i>Dari desain yang dilakukan, tekanan statik dan dinamik setimbang ketika dilakukan pengujian pada air diam. Dengan demikian Tabung Pitot bisa digunakan untuk mengukur kecepatan aliran air. Untuk mengukur kecepatan air dengan tabung pitot yang menggunakan skala pembacaan manometer digunakan persamaan hirostatik dan bernoulli. Dengan persamaan tersebut maka didapat konversi beda tinggi manometer dalam pembacaan aliran dengan Tabung Pitot.</i></div>
</div>
che moutzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08198123137685616928noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472234877835187645.post-14022041687104792782012-11-27T05:24:00.005-08:002012-11-27T05:24:45.556-08:00cara menghilangkan border/garis tepi pada autocad<div style="text-align: justify;">
mungkin anda akan menemukan kesulitan ketika memasukan gambar JPG/GIF/dll ke autocad.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
ketika memasukan gambar/image ke dalam autocad biasanya kita mengcopy paste image ke dalam autocad tersebut, </div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
image - copy - paste (di autocad) - tentukan ukuran - enter </div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
ketika anda memasukan image pasti akan selalu muncul garis tepi/border.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
kebanyakan akan selalu sulit untuk menghilangkan border tersebut, tapi sebenarnya garis border itu bisa dihilanghan dengan cara,</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
image - copy - paste (di autocad) - tentukan ukuran - enter - comand list (imageframe) - 0 - enter</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUTPTFkmUbFv8NwwqHWlku1ppUFyLqKlLR1JAOaYAMc3l5hwisWi0b5CmiGqmguLT02TkEDem3kAQK5jbLq2u6w9r60Msb1FG22OroOg26J_f1tI3ge21Vl63UttASvVRb8n2_mbOKhrc/s1600/Untitled-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="339" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUTPTFkmUbFv8NwwqHWlku1ppUFyLqKlLR1JAOaYAMc3l5hwisWi0b5CmiGqmguLT02TkEDem3kAQK5jbLq2u6w9r60Msb1FG22OroOg26J_f1tI3ge21Vl63UttASvVRb8n2_mbOKhrc/s640/Untitled-1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
dalam tampilan awal image pasti akan terdapat border, untuk menghilangkannya<br />
comandlist: imageframe - enter<br />
kemudian muncul<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSjO7KyrmMMferRrD7S7WZE8fvHkag3ushg4CTrj0oiPDszWZTDkjts2rl0B3IBjP6tRY0Rod8p_NgOzz9yPquHz3CWK9gU4jhmbb1wNILWz-ILSdpn8Al57b2eTiCUsXi5DGjXoGPB2Y/s1600/mnm.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="54" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSjO7KyrmMMferRrD7S7WZE8fvHkag3ushg4CTrj0oiPDszWZTDkjts2rl0B3IBjP6tRY0Rod8p_NgOzz9yPquHz3CWK9gU4jhmbb1wNILWz-ILSdpn8Al57b2eTiCUsXi5DGjXoGPB2Y/s640/mnm.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
untuk menghilangkan comandlist : 0 - enter<br />
dan hasilnya image tampil tanpa border<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFUht7o78nSMmD_BrC8quxVBsfmxsNU-M6lHtcJxeE7nSWHwvIHAi8RxmWqlVViy2hu38U1YQsApqXhni-aoCmEwtIR6UKXF8_lqrMN9G-os-fnrX3IMnzGxQjfI7ZGCB5f5UkAe2jMSM/s1600/bnm.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="340" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFUht7o78nSMmD_BrC8quxVBsfmxsNU-M6lHtcJxeE7nSWHwvIHAi8RxmWqlVViy2hu38U1YQsApqXhni-aoCmEwtIR6UKXF8_lqrMN9G-os-fnrX3IMnzGxQjfI7ZGCB5f5UkAe2jMSM/s640/bnm.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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SELAMAT MENCOBA<br />
<div style="color: red;">
warning : untuk lebih lancar sediakan segelas kopi hitam plus sebatang rokok</div>
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<br />che moutzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08198123137685616928noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472234877835187645.post-20339950585898834502012-11-19T03:54:00.000-08:002012-11-19T03:55:43.222-08:00Prosedur Pendakian ke Taman Nasional Gunung Gede-Pangrango<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
Berikut ini beberapa peraturan / prosedur dalam mendaki ke Taman Nasional Gunung Gede-Pangrango (TNGP).<br />
<br />
Pendaftaran dibuka setiap hari mulai pukul 09.00 - 15.30 wib, bertempat di Kantor Balai Taman Nasional Gunung Gede-Pangrango.<br />
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<br />
Syarat-syarat yang harus dipenuhi saat mendaftarkan diri :</div>
<ol>
<li>Minimal pendakian dilakukan oleh 3 orang.</li>
<li>Menyertakan fotocopy KTP atau kartu identitas diri yang masih berlaku.</li>
<li>Pendaftaran dilakukan minimal 3 hari sebelum pendakian dan maksimal 1 bulan.</li>
<li>Biaya masuk + asuransi sebesar Rp. 4000,-/orang</li>
<li>Pendaki dibawah usia 17 tahun harus ada ijin tertulis dari pihak orang tua.</li>
</ol>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
Larangan yang harus ditaati pengunjung / pendaki</div>
<ol style="text-align: justify;">
<li>Dilarang membawa pasta gigi (odol), sabun, shamphoo dan bahan-bahan yang dapat mencemarkan .</li>
<li>Dilarang membawa senjata tajam (pisau, golok, dll) dan senjata api. Setiap regu mendapat dispensasi 1 pisau lipat (mintalah dispensasi kepada petugas/jagawana)</li>
<li>Dilarang membawa spidol, pilox.</li>
<li>Dilarang mengambil (memetik), memindahkan, menambahkan sesuatu di kawasan TNGP</li>
<li>Dilarang membuat Api ungun</li>
<li>Dilarang membunuh tumbuhan dan hewan</li>
</ol>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
Kewajiban yang harus dipenuhi</div>
<ol>
<li>Membawa tenda, rain coat, sleeping bag, senter (baterai + bohlah cadangan), matras</li>
<li>Membawa peralatan memasak</li>
<li>Membawa P3K</li>
<li>Membawa pakaian ganti</li>
<li>Memakai sepatu yang menutupi mata kaki </li>
</ol>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<br />
Cara Mencapai Lokasi</div>
<ul>
<li> Jakarta - Bogor - Cibodas / Cipanas (Cianjur), ± 100 km (± 2,5 jam) </li>
<li> Bandung - Cipanas / Cibodas (Cianjur), ± 89 km (± 3 jam)</li>
<li> Jakarta - Bogor - Selabintana / Pondok Halimun (Sukabumi), ± 85 km (± 2,5 jam)</li>
<li> Bandung - Selabintana / Pondok Halimun (Sukabumi), ± 95 km (± 3,5 jam)</li>
</ul>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjetTpk1SqZe8tQjBPw02gCpvCnj07Esay-D2hVcvkEg4EyP3p83ulCRgALj1atv0PY0c03DaOd3b20Z0ivVjdxmC3SOuZBQbL5AxtNwCQteRJrnqJ0RK8y2XkRq3cHJ2gSl2gtarC_5M/s1600/jalur-gede-pangrango.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjetTpk1SqZe8tQjBPw02gCpvCnj07Esay-D2hVcvkEg4EyP3p83ulCRgALj1atv0PY0c03DaOd3b20Z0ivVjdxmC3SOuZBQbL5AxtNwCQteRJrnqJ0RK8y2XkRq3cHJ2gSl2gtarC_5M/s320/jalur-gede-pangrango.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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NB : Sebaiknya dimanapun kita berada hendaklah selalu menjaga sikap dan tingkah laku. <br />
<br /></div>
che moutzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08198123137685616928noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472234877835187645.post-21878077224578083972012-08-09T10:02:00.002-07:002012-08-09T10:02:41.687-07:00<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Pemuda.!!!</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Pemuda adalah suatu umur yang memiliki kehebatan sendiri,menurut DR.Yusuf
Qardhawi ibarat matahari maka usia muda ibarat jam 12 ketika matahari bersinar
paling terang dan paling panas.Pemuda mempunyai kekuatan yang lebih secara
fisik dan semangat bila dibanding dengan anak kecil atau orang-orang
jompo.Pemuda mempunyai potensi yang luar biasa,bisa dikatakan seperti dinamit
atau TNT bila diledakan.Subhanallah.</div>
<div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Sejarah pun juga membuktikan bahwa pemuda
berperan penting dalam kemerdekaan.Dimana saja,di negara mana saja kemerdekaan
tak pernah luput dari peran pemuda.Karena pemudalah yang paling bersemangat dan
ambisius memperjuangkan perubahan menuju lebih baik.Hasan Al Banna seorang
tokoh pergerakan di Mesir pernah berkata,"Di setiap kebangkitan pemudalah
pilarnya, di setiap pemikiran pemudalah pengibar panji-panjinya."Begitu
juga dalam sejarah Islam,banyak pemuda yang mendampingi Rasulullah dalam
berjuangan sperti Mushaib bin Umair ,Ali bin Abi tholib,Aisyah dll.Waktu itu
banyak yang masih berusia 8,10 atau 12 tahun.Dan usia-usia itu tidak dapat
diremehkan.Mereka punya peran penting dalam perjuangan.Maka dari itu jika ingin
Indonesia menjadi lebih baik maka perbaikan itu yang utama ada di tangan
pemuda,Perbaikan itu akan tegak dari tangan pemuda dan dari pemuda.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Pemuda mempunyai banyak potensi.Akan tetapi jika
tidak dilakukan pembinaan yang terjadi adalah sebaliknya.Potensinya tak
tergali,semangatnya melemah atau yang lebih buruk lagi ia menggunakan
potensinya untuk hal-hal yang tidak baik misalnya tawuran dsb.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">Sekali lagi ,pemuda adalah usia dan sosok yang hebat
tapi tidak semua pemuda hebat . Pemuda yang hebat adalah pemuda yang <strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">B A B</span></strong>.:Apa itu <strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">B A B</span></strong>?</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<strong>B.BERANI BERMIMPI DAN BERNIAT</strong><br />
Mana mungkin kita sebagai pemuda bisa maju jika bermimpi saja tidak
berani.Impian adalah cita-cita maka beranilah bermimipi,bagaimana bisa dapat
nilai sembilan dalam ujian praktek ,bila bermimipi angka sembilan ada di raport
saja tidak berani, bagaimana bisa dapat nilai sembilan jika mimpinya
(cita-citanya) hanya dapat 6.Kalau ingin dapat nilai sembilan maka impikanlah
nilai sepuluh.Saya pasti bisa dapat 10.impikan saja,bayangkan saja 10 jangan
9,8 apalagi 5.Impian akan menimbulkan niat ,niat akan menimbulkan sikap,sikap
akan menimbulkan usaha untuk mewujudkan cita-cita .Dan impian juga akan
menimbulkan semangat ,semangat ibarat api yang akan memicu ledakan potensi yang
luar biasa.Maka marilah kita miliki impian,obsesi dan ambisi istilah kerennya
POENYA TASTE hehe sperti iklan aja.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Niat .Niat saja tidak berani bagamana bisa
berbuat.Niat saja mulai sekarang ,tapi yang baik-baik.Sabda Nabi,"segala
sesuatu itu tergantung niatnya.Pemuda harus punya niat. Niat menumbuhkan
kesungguhan dalam beramal,keseriusan dalam berfikir serta keteguhan dalam
menghadapi penghalang. Niat yang sempurna adalah niat karena Allah dengan
landasan iman. Rasulullah bersabda dalam sebuah hadist dari Umar bin Khatab
bahwa barang siapa berhijrah karena Allah dan Rasul-Nya maka hijrahnya untuk
Allah dan Rasul-Nya,barang siapa berhijrah untuk dunia yang ia cari atau wanita
yang akan dinikahi maka hijrahnya untuk yang ia niatkan. Dengan niat karena
Allah kita akan mendapat ridho-Nya Insya Allah.<br /><br /><strong>A.(ANDALKAN DIRI SENDIRI</strong>
)<br />
Pemuda yang hebat bukan pemuda yang berkata,"Ayah ku polisi lho,jangan
macam-macam sama aku" atau "ayahku kaya ,aku minta apa-apa pasti
dituruti." Bukan seperti itu, tapi pemuda yang hebat dan berjiwa besar
adalah pemuda yang berkata,"inilah diri" atau " menjadi diriku
dengan segala kekurangan" kayak nasyidnya es coustic.Pemuda yang hebat
adalah pemuda yang tidak menyombongkan prestasi ayahnya,pamannya,ibunya atau
lain-lain. Mereka sadar,andaikata ayah mereka polisi mereka sadar yang polisi
kan ayah bukan saya,klo ayah mereka pejabat yang berprestasi mereka sadar itu
prestasi ayah buka saya,saya harus ciptakan prestasi sendiri.
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Jadilah mereka pemuda yang mandiri, dengan
kemandirian itu ia terpacu untuk tidak menggantungkan diri pada siapa pun
kecuali Allah ,ia menjadi yang tangguh,ia berusaha memacu dirinya menjadi lebih
baik dari hari ke hari sampai akhirnya ia bisa merubah lingkungannya. Ia
menjadi pemuda yang percaya diri.<br /><br /><strong>B.(BERANI BERBUAT</strong>
)<br />
Jika sudah punya mimpi dan percaya akan kemampuan sendiri maka yang berikutnya
ialah siap action.Yup berbuat,berani untuk melakukan aksi-aksi perubahan.<br />
Merubah diri sendiri dengan mengendalikan hawa nafsu,mencari ilmu, memperbaiki
ibadah.Berani mencoba untuk sebuah kemenangan tanpa takut gagal.Ingatlah bahwa
kegagalan adalah kesuksesan yang tertunda.Thomas alfa Edison berhasil menemukan
bola lampu pada percobaan ke 14.000, berarti dia telah gagal dalam 13.999
percobaan,tapi dia tidak menyerah.Berani mencoba, bagaimana mungkin akan menang
lomba lari jika mencoba mendaftar lomba saja tidak berani. Berani memulai.
Memulai adalah hal yang sulit kata sebagian orang , setelah itu akan berjalan
lancar.Maka kita harus berani memulai,walaupun sulit coba dulu,Insya Allah
berikutnya berhasil.Mulai dari yang kecil ,ingin membersihkan Yogya dari
sampah? mulailah dengan kita membuang sampah pada tempatnya.Tidak perlu ditunda-tunda
mulai dari sekarang, tidak perlu menunggu orang lain mulai dari diri sendiri
saja.
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Berani beraksi adalah wujud konsisten kita pada
apa yang kita yakini,kita impikan.Kita memimpikan Indonesia menjadi lebih baik
maka berani beraksi untuk perbaikan tersebut sesuai dengan kreativitas kita
adalah hal yang hebat. Dari yang kecil tidak masalah. Yang penting kita
berani.Tatap dunia , hadapi, jangan bersembunyai, jangan hanya bicara tapi
berbuat,beramal.Kita tunjukan bahwa kita pemuda , kita tidak diam tapi bergerak
menuju perbaikan yang lebih baik.Bahwa kita tidak duduk, tapi kita
berjuang.Talk less to do more.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Sahabat-sahabat kita adalah pemuda,masa depan
negeri ada ditangan kita,Perubahan ada di tangan kita mari kita mencari ilmu
,membina diri dengan sekolah yang tekun ,ikut mentoring untuk memperkokoh
keyakinan,ikut kajian kemudian membina fisik agar sehat dan kuat.Agar kita bisa
mengelola dan merubah masa depan.</div>
<br /><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></div>che moutzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08198123137685616928noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472234877835187645.post-66168625968312666282012-05-29T01:18:00.000-07:002012-05-29T01:18:36.019-07:00prinsip kerja motor 4 langkah<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Derajat Pengapian</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dwSdWiqKVLGOkTsyA1w2kbmjdHj0o5gfHQtGoH5S7PmMOoWy52VkMBASpF57YqRBn_os9hc8hVx9-FHHxTJIw' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>che moutzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08198123137685616928noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472234877835187645.post-35662516784739947402012-04-13T08:28:00.000-07:002012-04-13T08:28:58.803-07:00FUNGSI DARI KARBURATOR<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fungsi karburator ialah :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">a. Mengatur perbandingan campuran udara dan bahan bakar.</span></div><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">b. Menjadikan campuran tersebut menjadi kabut.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">c. Menambah atau mengurangi jumlah campuran sesuai dengan kecepatan dan beban motor yang berubah-ubah.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Sejak sebuah motor dihidupkan hingga motor berjalan pada kondisi yang stabil, mengalami beberapa kali perubahan perbandingan campuran. Jika motor dihidupkan dalam keadaan dingin perbandingan tersebut bahkan diperlukan 1 : 1. Kemudian sesudah hidup berubah menjadi 11,5 : 1. Untuk tenaga yang maximum perbandingan yang diperlukan sekitar 12 : 1 dan pada keadaan 80 sampai 90% kecepatan maksimum (kecepata ideal) perbandingannya ialah 16 : 1.</span></div><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"> Pada jenis karburator yang modern, pengatur campurannya dapat bekerja secara otomatis, perbandingan campuran udara dan bensin 15 : 1. Campuran bensin dan udara yang terlalu tipis dapat mengakibatkan :</span></div><a href="" name="more"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">a. Motor lekas menjadi panas.</span></div></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">b. Katup buang dapat terbakar.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">c. Pelumasan pada dinding-dinding silinder kurang baik, minyak banyak turut terbakar.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">d. Tenaga motor berkurang</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Kemudian timbul ledakan-ledakan didalam karburator sehingga dapat menimbulkan kebakaran.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Campuran bensin dan udara terlalu boros, dapat mengakibatkan :</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">a. Motor menjadi panas</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">b. Gas buang berwarna hitam.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">c. Dapat menimbulkan ledakan-ledakan di dalam atau pada ujung pipa buang.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">d. Pemakaian bahan bakar terlalu boros.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><b>Macam-macam Konstruksi Karburator Berdasarkan Kedudukan Manifol</b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><b> </b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">Terhadap letak manifold, karburator dibedakan atas :<br />
a. Karburator aliran bawah (turun)<br />
Karburator aliran bawah, arah aliran udara dengan bensin saling berlawanan, bensin jatuh mudah untuk dilayani karena tempatnya di bagian atas, tapi unit motornya menjadi lebih tinggi oleh adanya saringan udara di atas karburator.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoKwbnmscB6RCIfCqouCdK263VORYbAuS3jzbmPs4mcdjCkM847PQtRsV3dbSBN2yJhmNrUGFCmxaxwEL2SfrNnv7_XAEdiosh8ZDf7gDYpUBfwWHsY4dm140v1iMJCC1sFx5HiAeiFZU/s1600/Picture1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoKwbnmscB6RCIfCqouCdK263VORYbAuS3jzbmPs4mcdjCkM847PQtRsV3dbSBN2yJhmNrUGFCmxaxwEL2SfrNnv7_XAEdiosh8ZDf7gDYpUBfwWHsY4dm140v1iMJCC1sFx5HiAeiFZU/s1600/Picture1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">Gambar. Karburator Arus Turun (aliran ke bawah)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">b. Karburator aliran horizontal (rata)<br />
Karburator aliran horizontal (rata) digunakan pada motor-motor kecepatan tinggi. Manifold isap dapat dibuat lebih pendek sehingga kerugian gesek berkurang dan rendeman pengisian bertambah (Gambar 3)., dan dipakai oleh beberapa merek saja misalnya karburator S.U.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz01i8LxS7OSCRX6VWk1QD64KfS570txGkB78Kn9DuXImvNs4nBM7aLnn-eYd2XNDvXMpexv3kv9u8_Momz51nVN9mYiui7Q8tPVHwm4T20fXLo3HOyw2_Myynpz0Y_9okNemOLPrO8ic/s1600/Picture2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz01i8LxS7OSCRX6VWk1QD64KfS570txGkB78Kn9DuXImvNs4nBM7aLnn-eYd2XNDvXMpexv3kv9u8_Momz51nVN9mYiui7Q8tPVHwm4T20fXLo3HOyw2_Myynpz0Y_9okNemOLPrO8ic/s320/Picture2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">Gambar. Karburator Arus Rata (aliran horizontal)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">c. Karburator arus naik (aliran ke atas)<br />
Karburator aliran ke atas yang dipergunakan adalah jarang disebabkan rendeman pemasukan jelek karena bensin harus diisap ke atas Identifikasi karburator sekarang lebih dikenal berdasarkan pabrik yang membuatnya dan modelnya. Nama – nama yang dikenal ialah :<br />
- Stromberg, Rochester, Zenith, Carter dan Holley buatan Amerika<br />
- S.U. dan Zenith buatan Inggris<br />
- Solex buatan Prancis<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">- Weber buatan Itali<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1aIpWM0_D01ASnW1G0aMsP1d2hDkIa5Q-vtwyD8XOCvlmE1IF_2BipdTxUmGC4f2KqIXgl4x5zwK3RQgCXlfCxh5twI6reM_-djVoROlU-nMkKbXpFo_1m5sPWB4YlPuRa2srAFyDfn4/s1600/Picture3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="236" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1aIpWM0_D01ASnW1G0aMsP1d2hDkIa5Q-vtwyD8XOCvlmE1IF_2BipdTxUmGC4f2KqIXgl4x5zwK3RQgCXlfCxh5twI6reM_-djVoROlU-nMkKbXpFo_1m5sPWB4YlPuRa2srAFyDfn4/s320/Picture3.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Gambar Karburator Arus Naik (aliran ke atas) </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></div><br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></div><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></div></div><o:p></o:p></span>che moutzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08198123137685616928noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472234877835187645.post-17664760921093386302012-01-11T19:44:00.001-08:002012-01-11T19:44:37.988-08:00KARANG TARUNA<b>Karang Taruna</b> adalah organisasi kepemudaan di Indonesia. Karang Taruna merupakan wadah pengembangan generasi muda nonpartisan, yang tumbuh atas dasar kesadaran dan rasa tanggung jawab sosial dari, oleh dan untuk masyarakat khususnya generasi muda di wilayah Desa / Kelurahan atau komunitas sosial sederajat, yang terutama bergerak dibidang kesejahteraan sosial. Sebagai organisasi sosial kepemudaan Karang Taruna merupakan wadah pembinaan dan pengembangan serta pemberdayaan dalam upaya mengembangkan kegiatan ekonomis produktif dengan pendayagunaan semua potensi yang tersedia dilingkungan baik sumber daya manusia maupun sumber daya alam yang telah ada. Sebagai organisasi kepemudaan, Karang Taruna berpedoman pada Pedoman Dasar dan Pedoman Rumah Tangga dimana telah pula diatur tentang struktur penggurus dan masa jabatan dimasing-masing wilayah mulai dari Desa / Kelurahan sampai pada tingkat Nasional. Semua ini wujud dari pada regenerasi organisasi demi kelanjutan organisasi serta pembinaan anggota Karang Taruna baik dimasa sekarang maupun masa yang akan datang.<br />
karang Taruna beranggotakan pemuda dan pemudi (dalam AD/ART nya diatur keanggotaannya mulai dari pemuda/i berusia mulai dari 11 - 45 tahun) dan batasan sebagai Pengurus adalah berusia mulai 17 - 35 tahun.<br />
Karang Taruna didirikan dengan tujuan memberikan pembinaan dan pemberdayaan kepada para remaja, misalnya dalam bidang keorganisasian, ekonomi, olahraga, ketrampilan, advokasi, keagamaan dan kesenian.che moutzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08198123137685616928noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472234877835187645.post-56370357466038923132011-12-26T16:15:00.000-08:002011-12-26T16:15:12.190-08:00MUKADIMAH LPJ HIMPUNAN MAHASISWA MESIN<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML/> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> <w:Word11KerningPairs/> <w:CachedColBalance/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/> <m:brkBin m:val="before"/> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/> <m:smallFrac m:val="off"/> <m:dispDef/> <m:lMargin m:val="0"/> <m:rMargin m:val="0"/> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/> <m:intLim m:val="subSup"/> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
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</style> <![endif]--> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mahasiswa sebagai aset vital bagi kemajuan bangsa </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dan </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">merupakan sekumpulan manusia yang sedang berproses dan sedang ditempa untuk mencapai kedewasaan, jati diri dan kematangan pemikiran. Meskipun tugas utama mahasiswa adalah mengikuti kegiatan akademis dengan baik, penting juga bagi mahasiswa untuk beraktualisasi dalam suatu keorganisasian karena organisasi dapat digunakan sebagai sarana untuk berproses dan bekerja sama dengan berbagai pihak yang nantinya akan digunakan dalam hidup bermasyarakat.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Salah satu organisasi di lingkungan Universitas </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Subang yang tepatnya di Fakultas Teknik</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> ialah Himpunan Mahasiswa </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mesin</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, yaitu organisasi yang beranggotakan mahasiswa-mahasiswa </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">jurusan mesin</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> yang senantiasa berperan aktif</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dalam mewarnai kegiatan di </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">lingkungan </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">kampus</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> maupun diluar lingkungan kampus.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Alhamdulillah, alhamdulillah hirobbilalamin, kami selaku pengurus </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">HMM</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> periode </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2010/2011</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> telah menyelesaikan periode kerja kami selama kurang lebih </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">satu periode</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">. Tepatnya dibulan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">september</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> 20</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">10</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">saya di beri kepercayaan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> menjadi pengurus </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">HMM period 2010/2011</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, meskipun </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">dalam system adminnya saat pengangkatan dan sampai saya menjalani amanah ini tidak adanya SK resmi dan penyerahan secara resmi dari kepengurusan yang lama, serta dikarenakan adanya</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> keterbatasan waktu</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> dalam pelaksanaan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, tidak membuat </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">saya</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> berputus asa dalam menjalankan amanah ini.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dalam satu period ini saya beserta segenap pengurus HMM menyusun </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">program kerja kami</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">, dan program kerja kami</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> dititikberatkan pada konsolidasi internal mahasiswa jurusan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mesin</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> sekaligus juga mengembangkan </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">HMM</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> secara eksternal dengan ikut aktif di </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Keluarga Mahasiswa Mesin Se-Jawa Barat (KMM JABAR), yakni dengan mengikuti segala kegiatan yang ada di KMM JABAR agar diakuinya bahwa di Subang terdapat Universitas yang tepatnya adanya Jurusan Teknik<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mesin di wilayah subang.</span></div>che moutzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08198123137685616928noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472234877835187645.post-78506530544346219582011-12-26T12:45:00.000-08:002011-12-26T12:45:20.229-08:00KODE ETIK PECINTA/PENGGIAT ALAMKode etik pecinta alam Indonesia ini, sampai saat ini masih dipergunakan oleh berbagai perkumpulan pecinta alam di seluruh Indonesia.<br />
Bunyi dari kode etik pecinta alam Indonesia adalah sebagai berikut:<br />
<em> </em><br />
<em>Pecinta Alam Indonesia sadar bahwa alam beserta isinya adalah</em><br />
<em> ciptaan Tuhan Yang Maha Esa</em><br />
<em> </em><br />
<em>Pecinta Alam Indonesia adalah bagian dari masyarakat</em><br />
<em> </em><br />
<em>Indonesia sadar akan tanggung jawab kepada Tuhan, bangsa, dan</em><br />
<em> tanah air</em><br />
<em> </em><br />
<em>Pecinta Alam Indonesia sadar bahwa pecinta alam adalah sebagian</em><br />
<em> dari makhluk yang mencintai alam sebagai anugerah yang Mahakuasa</em><br />
<em> </em><br />
<em>Sesuai dengan hakekat di atas, kami dengan kesadaran</em><br />
<em> menyatakan :</em><br />
<ol><li><em>Mengabdi kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa</em></li>
<li><em> Memelihara alam beserta isinya serta menggunakan sumber alam<br />
sesuai dengan kebutuhannya</em></li>
<li><em>Mengabdi kepada bangsa dan tanah air</em></li>
<li><em> Menghormati tata kehidupan yang berlaku pada masyarakat<br />
sekitar serta menghargai manusia dan kerabatnya</em></li>
<li><em> Berusaha mempererat tali persaudaraan antara pecinta alam<br />
sesuai dengan azas pecinta alam</em></li>
<li><em> Berusaha saling membantu serta menghargai dalam pelaksanaan<br />
pengabdian terhadap Tuhan, bangsa dan tanah air</em></li>
<li><em>Selesai</em></li>
</ol><em> </em><br />
<em>Disyahkan bersama dalam</em><br />
<em> </em><br />
<em>Gladian Nasional ke-4</em><br />
<em> Ujung Pandang, 1974</em>che moutzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08198123137685616928noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472234877835187645.post-49197513746012480262011-10-11T01:50:00.000-07:002011-10-11T01:52:29.287-07:00peribahasa sunda<div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Adab lanyap</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> Jiga nu handap asor, daek ngahprmat ka batur, tapi boga hate luhur, tungtungna sok ngunghak jeung kurang ajar, temahna batur loba nu teu resepeun.</span></div><div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Adam lali tapel</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> poho ka baraya jeung poho ka lemah cai.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Adat kakurung ku iga</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> adat nu hese digantina.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Adean ku kuda beureum</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> beunghar ku barang titipan atawa ginding ku pakean batur.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Adigung adiguna</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> gede hulu, boga rasa leuwih ti batur, kaciri dina laku lampahna jeung omonganana.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Agul ku payung butut</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> ngagulkeun luluhur sorangan.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Akal koja</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> pinter dina kagorengan atawa kajahatan.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Aki aki tujuh mulud</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> lalaki nu geus kolot pisan.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Aku aku angga</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> ngaku barang batur kalawan ngandung maksud hayang mibanda, ngaku baraya batur anu beunghar atawa jeneng mamrih kahormatan atawa kauntungan.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Aku panggung</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> darehdeh jeung mere maweh, ngan hanjakal ku ieu aing asa pangpunjulna, pangbeungharna jste.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Alak-alak cumampaka</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> resep jeung hayang dipuji batur, boga rasa pangpunjulna.<br />
Anu handap hayang nyaruaan nu luhur, nu hina hayang nyaruaan nu mulya.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Alak paul</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> tempat anu lain dikieuna, ngeunaan jauhna jeung pisusaheunana.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Alus panggung = alus laur hade ome</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> tegep dedeg pangadegna.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Ambek nyedek tanaga midek</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> ari napsu pohara gedena, ngan masih bisa meper diri<br />
napsu kapegung.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Ambekna sakulit bawang</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> gampang pisan ambek, jeung mun geus ambek teu reureuh sakeudeung.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Anak puputon</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> anak nu kacida didama-damana, nu pohara dipikanyaah.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Anjing ngagogogan kalong</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> mikahayang nu lain lain, nu pamohalan pilaksanaeun (Mikahayang nu moal bakal kasorang).</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Ari diarah supana, kudu dipiara catangna</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> Naon bae nu mere hasil ka urang kudu diurus bener bener.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Ari umur tunggang gunung, angen angen pecat sawed</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> ari umur geus kolot tapi hate ngongoraeun keneh.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Asa dijual payu</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> ngungun dumeh nyorangan di panyabaan, jauh ti indung bapa.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Asa ditonjok congcot</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> meunang kabungah nu gede, anu saenyana teu diarep arep.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Asa ditumbu umur</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> Boga rasa kahutangan budi anu pohara gedena.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Asa nanggeuy endog beubeureumna</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> kacida nyaahna.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Asa potong leungeun katuhu</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> leungiteun jalma nu pohara hade galena.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Ati mungkir beungeut nyinghareup</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> palsu, siga sono, tapi henteu. Siga suka, tapi henteu, siga nyaah tapi henteu.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Aub payung, sabet panon</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> sabasoba wewengkon, ngeunaan tanah.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Aya astana sajeungkal</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> anu mustahil oge oge bisa kajadian.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Aya bagja teu daulat</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> arek meunang bagja atawa kauntungan tapi teu tulus.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Aya di sihung maung</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> Kulantaran loba kawawuh gegeden dina aya karerepet atawa kaperluan penting gampang naker meunang pitulungna.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Aya hate kadua leutik</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> naksir.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Aya jalan komo meuntas</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> aya lantaran anu diarep arep ti tadina nepi ka maksud urang gancang kalaksanakeun.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Aya jalan komo meuntas</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> Aya pilantaraneun atawa pijalaneun pikeun ngalaksanakeun atawa ngabulkeun kahayang.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Aya jalan komo meuntas</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> eukeur mah aya maksud, turug turug aya pilantaraneun.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Aya peurah aya komara</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> aya harega, aya pangaji.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Ayakan tara meunang kancra</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> nu bodo jeung nu pinter moal sarua darajatna jeung panghasilanana.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Baleg tampele</b> ari rasa tresna ka lalaki geus aya, ngan lamun papanggih jeung jelemana gede keneh kaera.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Bali geusan ngajadi</b> tempat dilahirkeun.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Balung kulit kotok meuting</b> teu eureun eureun nyeri hate ti baheula nepi ka kiwari.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Balungbang timur, caang bulan opat belas, jalan gede sasapuan</b> beak karep ku rido jeung beresih hate.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Banda tatalang raga</b> lamun urang papanggih jeung karerepet, gering upaman, euweuh halangan urang ngajual barang nu aya pikeun ngabela diri, meuli ubar sangkan waras.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Belang bayah gindi pikir</b> boga pikiran goreng ka papada kawula.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Bengkung ngariung bongkok ngaronyok</b> babarengan sok sanajan dina hina, rugi, atawa cilaka.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Beurat birit</b> hese jeung sungkan dititah.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Beurat nyuhun beurat nanggung, beurat narimakeunana</b> pohara narimakeunana kana pitulung, ngan teu kawasa ngedalkeun ku lisan atawa tulisan, anging gusti nu ningali.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Beureum paneureuy</b> seuseut batan neureuy keueus hese pisan, seuseut seuat ngahasilkeun maksud.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Beuteung anjingeun</b> ngeunaan ka jelema nu beuteungna cara/siga beuteung anjing.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Bilih aya turus bengkung</b> Bisi salah pokpokanana.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Biwir nyiru rombengeun</b> resep mukakeun rasiah sorangan atawa rasiah batur.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Biwir nyiru rombengeun</b> Resep ngucah ngaceh rasiah atawa kaaeban boh nu sorangan boh nu batur.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Biwir sambung lemek, suku sambung lengkah</b> henteu milu milu kana tanggung ajwabna mah, ieu mah ngan saukur mangnepikeun dumeh jadi utusan, ngemban timbalan tinu lian.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Bluk nyuuh blak nangkarak</b> Kabina bina rajina dina enggoning nyiar kipayah.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Bobo sapanon carang sapakan</b> aya kuciwana, lantaran aya kakuranganana atawa karuksakanana.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Bobor karahayuan</b> henteu rahayu, henteu salamet, meunang kacilakaan atawa tiwas.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Bonteng ngalawan kadu</b> nu leutik ngalawan nu gede.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Buburuh nyatu diupah beas</b> nyiar pangarti tur diburuhan atawa digajih.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Budi santri, legeg lebe, ari lampah euwah euwah</b> Ari laku lampah mah kawas santri tapi sok ceceremed.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Buluan belut, jangjangan oray</b> pamohalan kajadian.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Bungbulang tunda / tunda talatah</b> lamun dititah tara sok pek ku maneh, tapi sok nitah deui ka batur.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Buntut kasiran</b> koret, medit, ngeupeul, tara pisan daek barangbere.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Bur beureum bur hideung, hurung nagtung siang leumpang</b> ginding, loba pakean anu aralus dipake.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Buruk buruk papan jati</b> ka sobat atawa ka baraya mah sok hayang ngahampura bae lamun aya kasalahan teh.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Caang bulan dadamaran</b> migawe nu kurang mangpaat.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Cacag nangkaeun</b> Hanteu beres, hanteu rata, henteu sampurna.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Cangkir emas eusi delan</b> omonganana mah alus nepi ka urang jadi percaya jeung kataji, tapi hatena jahat jeung matak bahaya ka urang.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Cara bueuk meunang mabuk</b> ngeluk bae, teu lemek teu carek, euweuh hojah, euweuh karep, euweuh kahayang sabab era tawa sieun.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Cara gaang katincak</b> anu tadina rame kacida, ayeuna mah jadi jempling pisan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Cara jogjog mondok</b> carekcok bae, mani gandeng nacer.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Cara simeut hiris, tai kana beuheung beuheung</b> Pohara bodona, beunang dibobodo atawa ditipu ku batur.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Cecendet mande kiara</b> Nu leutik nyaruaan anu gede, nu miskin nyaruaan nu beunghar.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ceuli lentaheun</b> Sok gancang nyaritakeun ka batur naon bae anu kadenge, turtaning tacan karuhan eta beja teh bener henteuna.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Cicing dina sihung maung</b> Nganjrek di jelema anu nyusahkeun atawa bakal nyilakakeun ka diri urang.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Cikaracak ninggang batu laun laun jadi legok</b> Ku dileukeunan mah sakumaha hesena ge lila lila jadi bisa (najan bodo asal leukeun diajarna lila lila oge tangtu bisa).</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Cileuncang mande sagara, cecendet mande kiara, hunyur nandean gunung</b> Nyaruaan ka jelema anu saluhureun harkatna, darajatna atawa pangabogana.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ciri sabumi cara sadesa</b> beda tempatna, beda deui adat jeung kabiasaanana.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Clik putih clak herang</b> Kaluar tian hate anu beresih, rido pisan, teu aya geuneuk maleukmeuk.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Congo congo ku amis, mun rek mais oge puhuna</b> Kumaha arek bageurna dinu ajdi anak, lamun bapana henteu bageur.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Daek macok embung dipacok</b> daek ngarah kana rejeki atawa pakaya batur, tapi diarah rejekina atawa pakayana ku batur mah embung.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Dagang oncom rancatan emas</b> ari modalna gede kacida, ngan batina anu diarah kacida leutikna.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Dah bawang dah kapas</b> tah barangna tah duitna.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Daluang katinggang mangsi</b> Susuganan katuliskeun aya jodo (waris).</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Deugdeug tanjeuran pada ngadeugdeug</b> pada nongton, jadi tongtonan kulantaran pinter dina kasenian.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Deukeut deukeut anak taleus</b> ari imahna mah puguh padeukeut, ngan hanjakal teu nyaho tibareto yen baraya.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Dihin pinasti, anyar pinanggih</b> baheula ditangtukeunana, ngan kakara ayeuna kalakonanana atawa kapanggihna.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Dikungkung teu diawur, dicangcang teu diparaban</b> Ari dipegat mah teu acan, ngan geus teu dipeutingan jeung teu dibalanjaan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Dipiamis buah gintung</b> Disangka hade jeung bageur tapi buktina goreng jeung jahat.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Dipiamis buah gintung</b> disangka hade jeung bageur, tapi buktina goreng jeung jahat.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Disakompet daunkeun, dihurun suluh</b> dihijikeun bae, disaruakeun bae, teu dibeda beda.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ditangtang ditengteng dijieun bonteng sapasi</b> Dialak ilik lantaran dianggap aneh.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ditilik ti gigir lenggik, disawang ti tukang lenjang, diteuteup ti hareup sieup</b> lenjang jeung geulis pisan, pantes kewes.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Dogdog pangrewong</b> bantuan anu euweuh hartina, dina teu aya oge teu naon naon.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Dogong dogong tulak cau, geus gede dituar batur</b> ngantian jeung mahugi parawan ti keur leutik keneh, sugan diparengkeun ku nu kawasa jadi pipamajikaneun, na ari geus gede dikawin batur, atuh hese cape taya gawe.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Dosa salaput hulu</b> kacida loba dosana.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Dulang tinande</b> awewe mah nurutkeun bae, kumaha diaturna jeung diparentahna ku nu jadi salami.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Duum tinggi</b> ngabagikeun naon naon henteu kalawan adil aya nu loba, aya nu saeutik.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Elmu ajug</b> pinter ari mapatahan batur mah, tapi prak ku sorangan henteu.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Elmu sapi</b> samiuk (ngahiji) kana kagorengan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Elmu tumbila</b> nu boga imah ngarugikeun ka tatamu.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Elok bangkong</b> nuju sakarat, ngan kari tunggu dawuh bae.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Endog sapatarangan, peupeus hiji, peupeus kabeh</b> kasusah atawa karerepet anu tumiba ka dulur, baraya atawa sobat, balukarna ngabingungkeun atawa nyusahkeun ka sarerea.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Endog tara megar kabeh</b> najan saindung sabapa hneteu sarua milikna, rejekina atawa darajatna.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Galehgeh gado</b> darehdeh tapi henteu terus kana hate.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Gancang pincang</b> kulantaran digawena buru buru jeung kurang ati ati hasilna teh teu nyugemakeun.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Gantung denge</b> hanteu terus bisa ngadengekeun hiji perkara jeung pohara hayangna neruskeun ngadengekeun.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Gantung teureuyeun</b> Hanteu terus daharna sabab dahareunana geus beak atawa daharna kapaksa kudu eureun heula ku lantaran aya dahareun nu didagoan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Gede gede kayu randu, dipakeke pamikul bengkung, dipake lincar sok anggang, dipake pancir ngajedig</b> Ngeunaan ka jelema anu jangkung ahrelung tur dedeg ngan hanjakal gawena jeung karajinanana goreng.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Gede gunung pananggeuhan</b> Adigung kulanatran boga kolot atawa baraya baleunghar ataw jareneng.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Gede gunung pananggeuhan</b> Boga ahli atawa kawawuhan anu beunghar atawa jadi gegeden, dina urang aya karerepet atawa butuh ku pitulung, eta jalma bisa nulungan ka urang ku kabeungharan atawa kakawasaan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Getas harupateun, pingges harepan</b> Gampang pisan nyalahkeun atawa ngahukum ka batur.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Geulis sisi, laur gunung, sonagar huma</b> Ari rupa mah tegep ngan dangong dusun meledug.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Gindi pikir belang bayah</b> Goreng hate, dolim, julig , dengki.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ginding kakampis</b> Ari pake mah ginding ngan duit teu boga.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Giri lungsi tanpa hina</b> Nu luhur jeung nu handap sarua bae ulah dihina.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Goong saba karia</b> Datang sorangan ka anu keur kariaan sanajan hanteu di ondang, maksudna hayang dititah gawe sangkan seubeuh baranghakan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Gunung tanpa tutugan, sagara tanpa tepi</b> Euweuh anggeusna, euweuh beakna.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Gurat batu</b> Pageuh kana jangji.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Gusti Alloh tara nanggeuy dibongkokna</b> Gusti Alloh tara nangtayungan ka mahlukna anu salah atawa boga dosa ka papada kawula.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ieu aing uyah kidul</b> Boga rasa pangleuwihna ti pada batur, boh ngeunaan rupa, pangarti, pangaboga, pangkat atawa kakawasaan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ilang along margahina, katinggang pangpung dilebok maung, rambutna salambar, getihna satetes, ambekanana sadami, agamana darigamana, kaula nyerenkeun</b> Masrahkeun sagalagalana hadena gorengna, bagja cilakana (biasana sok dipake dina seserahan).</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Indung lembu bapa banteng</b> Ti indung jeung bapa turunan menak jeung beunghar.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Inggis batan maut hinis</b> Pohara risina, pohara paurna.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Inggis manan maut hinis, rempan batan mesat gobang</b> Inggis jeung paur kabina bina.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ipis kulit beungeut</b> Gede kaera.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Iwak nangtang sujen</b> Wani nyorang picilakaeun, pibalaieun atawa pibahayaeun.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Jabung tumalapung sabda tumapalang</b> milu nyaritakeun hiji perkara sakapeung nempasan omongan batur, nyeta nyeta siga nu nyaho, padahal teu nyaho nanaon.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Jadi maung malang</b> jadi panghalang, ngeunaan ka lalaki nu ngahalangan pijodoeun hiji awewe.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Jadi sabiwir hiji</b> jadi carita jalma loba.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Jadi senen kalemekan</b> mindeng dicaritakeun batur.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Jaman cacing dua saduit</b> jaman baheula pisan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Jati kasilih ku junti</b> pribumi kaeehkeun ku urang asing.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Jauh jauh panjang gagang</b> hanas jauh jauh oge dijugjug, ngan hanjakal ku teu hasil.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Jauh ka bedug anggang ka dayeuh</b> dusun, teu nyaho di tata-titi, tidak tanduk, suba sita, duduga jeung peryoga.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Jauh ka bedug</b> dusun,bodo, euweuh kanyaho.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Jawadah tutung biritna, sacarana sacarana</b> unggal bangsa beda adat jeung kabiasaanana.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Jegjeg ceker</b> cape kulantaran leumpang ka dieu ka dieu.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Jejer pasar</b> lumrah bae, mun ka lalaki, kasep henteu, goreng henteu.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Jeung leweh mah mending waleh</b> leuwih hade wakca balaka ngedalkeun kahayang ti batan ngandung kabingung teu wani pok nyarita.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Jogjog neureuy buah loa</b> mikarep ka anu lain babad.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Jogjog neureuy buah loa</b> Milampah anu moal pihasileun.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ka luhur teu sirungan kahandap teu akaran</b> Jelema nu jahat, julig jeung dengki mah moal jamuga, moal aya kamajuan boh ngeunaan pangkat, boh rejeki.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Kaceluk ka awun-awun kawentar ka janapria, kakoncara ka mancanagara</b> Kawentar pisan, kawentar kamana mana.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Kaciwit kulit kabawa daging</b> Kababawa, katarik kana hiji perkara, keukeuh milu susah, sanajan teu boga salah jeung henteu milu ulubiung perkarana.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Kahieuman bangkong</b> Ku ayana barang titipan di urang, urang teh nepi ka jiga beunghar katenjona ku batur mah padahal miskin teu boga nanaon.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Kai teu kalis ku angin</b> Unggal jelema awal ahir tangtu bakal pinanggih jeung kasusahan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Kajeun pait tungtung amis manan amis tungtung pait</b> Tibatan ahirna matak susah, leuwih hade dicaritakeun ti heula naon anu matak pisusaheunana.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Kajeun panas tonggong asal tiis beuteung</b> Kajeun teuing cape gawe asal bisa dahar kalawan cukup.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Kalapa bijil ti cungap</b> Ngucah ngaceh rasiah sorangan anu matak cilaka.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Kandel kulit beungeut</b> euweuh caerá.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Katempuhan buntut maung</b> Batur anu salahna atawa anu boga dosana, tapi urang anu kudu nyanghareupan balukarna.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Katumbukan catur kadatangan carita</b> Loba anu embung sabab ngagedekeun jeung ngagugulukeun panyerewedan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Kawas anjing kadempet lincar</b> Mere parentah ka batur teu kalawan sabar, malah bari ambek ambekan sagala.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Kawas budak rodek hulu</b> Teu ngupama, teu ngajenan, teu ngahargaan pisan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Kawas cucurut kaibunan</b> Ngeunaan ka jelema anu matak sareukseuk panon.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Kawas hayam keur endogan</b> cilingcingcat bae, teu bisa cicing.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Kawas hayam panyambungan</b> Tacan nyaho di kaler kidul, kawantu anyar keneh aya di eta tempat.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Kawas kacang ninggang kajang</b> Ngomongna tarik tur gancang, biasana ngeunaan ka awewe nu keur ngambek bari nyarekan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Kawas kuda leupas ti gedogan</b> Bingung ku kamerdekaan, terus sakama-kama nganteur kahayang, ngalajur napsu, kulantaran euweuh anu ngageuing atawa euweuh nu nyengker.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Kawas lauk asup kana bubu</b> Gampang asupna kana pagawean tapi pohara hesena hayang kaluar ninggalkeun eta pagawean.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Kawas lauk asup kana bubu</b> gampang meunangna jeung asup kana hiji pagawean, tapi hese kaluarna jeung negcagkeunana eta pagawean (masalah).</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Kawas nu mulangkeun panyiraman</b> Sok nu lain lain, jeung hese ngayakeunana nu dipikayang ku jelema nu tereh ajal, kahayangna sabisabisa kudu dicumponan bae, sanajan matak ngarepotkeun ka ahlina/ kulawargana.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Kawas siraru jadi</b> Pabaliut ku tina lobana, ngeunaan ka jelema.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Kawas wayang pangsisina</b> Ngeunaan jelema nu goreng rupana.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Kejo asak angeun datang</b> Sapagodos jeung maksud urang, atuh teu talangke deui harita keneh dilaksanakeun.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Keur meujeuhna bilatung dulang</b> Laleutik keneh pisan keur meujeuhna bareuki dahar.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Keur meujeuhna hejo lembok rambay carita</b> Keur meujeuhna loba pakaya jeung loba rejeki.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Keur nuju bentang surem</b> keur sue,atawa tiis badan, lamun guna tani ku hama, lamun dagang terusterusan rugi bae.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Kiceupna sabedug sakali</b> Pohara lungguhna.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Kiruh ti girang kiruh ka hilir</b> Lamun anu di luhruna teu balageur jeung teu balener, tangtu nu dihandapna oge milu teu bener milu teu bageur.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Kokoro manggih mulud puasa manggih lebaran</b> Anu saumur -umur miskin tuluy dina hiji waktu pinanggih jeung kamulyaan atawa rejeki anu gede, sasarina sok kacemekanana nepi ka siga mangpang meungpeung.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Kokoro nyoso, malarat rosa, lebaran teu meuncit hayam</b> Kacida miskina.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Kotok bongkok kumorolong, kacingcalang kumarantang = Lauk buruk milu mijah = Piritan milu endogan</b> Pipilueun kana hiji kalakuan kulantaran kabawakeun ku batur, henteu kalawan kahayang sorangan, nepi ka goreng katenjona.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Kudu bisa ngeureut neundeun</b> Kudu bisa nyukupkeun rejeki atawa pangala anu saeutik.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Kudu boga pikir kadua leutik</b> Ulah sabongbrong teuing, kudu aya pikir rangkepan, kudu aya rasa curiga.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Kujang dua pangadekna</b> Hiji pagawean anu ngandung dua rupa maksud.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Kulak canggeum bagja awak</b> Milik hade atawa goreng anu geus ditangtukeun ti ajalina keneh ku Gusti Nu Maha Suci.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Kumaha bule hideungna bae</b> Kumaha engke bae buktina, kumaha behna.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Kumaha kejebur caina geletuk batuna</b> kumaha jadina bae, henteu jadi pikiran.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Kunang kunang nerus bumi</b> Ramana geus teu jeneng deui, di putrana awal ahir aya nu jeneng cara ramana.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Kuru cileuh kentel peujit</b> Daek tirakat, ngadoakeun budak sangkan sangkan junun.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Kurung batok</b> teu resep nyanyabaan, ni’mat cicing diimah bae.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Lain ku tulang munding kabeureuyan mah, ku cucuk peda</b> arek cilaka mah ku kasalahan anu leutik oge bisa, teu kudu ku kasalahan anu gede bae.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Lain lantung tambuh laku, lain lentang tanpa beja lain leumpang maladra</b> Indit ti imah kalawan ngandung maksud anu tangtu, lain lapmah sakaparan paran henteu puguh anu dijugjug.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Landung kandungan laer aisan</b> Gede timbanganana, gede pangampurana.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Langsung saur bahe carek</b> Sok gampang ngagelendeng atawa nyarekan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Lauk buruk milu mijah = piritan milu endogan</b> pipilueun kana hiji kalakuan ku lantaran kabawakeun ku batur, henteu kalawan kahayang sorangan, nepi ka goreng katenjona.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Legok tapak genteng kadek</b> Loba luangna pangalamanana jeung kanyahona.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Leubeut buah hejo daun</b> Keur meujeuhna loba rejeki, loba pakaya.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Leuleus jeujeur liat tali</b> pohara adilna, dina mutus hiji perkara tara beurat sabeulah, jeung loba pertimbanganana.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Leunggeuh cau beuleum</b> Teu lutreuk dina ngajalankeun hiji pagawean.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Leutik burih</b> euweuh kawani.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Leutik cahak, gede cohok</b> Ari panghasilan saeutik tapi ari pangaluaran mah gede.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Leutik leutik ngagalatik</b> Sanajan leutik awakna henteu jangkung tur gede, tapi leber ku wawanen.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Leutik ringkang gede bugang</b> Jelema mah teu beunang disapirakeun sabab sanajan leutik warugana, dina aya papaitna atawa bobor karahayuan mah bisa jadi kasusah sarerea.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Leuwi jero beunang diteuleuman, hate jelema najan deet teu kakobet</b> Hade gorengna pikiran jelema hese dikira kirana.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Lieuk euweuh ragap taya</b> Teuing ku miskin nepi ka teu boga naon naon.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Loba teuing jaksa</b> loba teuing anu pinter nu ngatur jeung mapatahan, balukarna matak bingung nu dipapatahan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Lodong kosong ngelentrung</b> Kalah ka loba omong bae, ari pangartina mah euweuh.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Luhur kuta gede dunya</b> Gagah tur beunghar taya kakurang.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Luncat mulang</b> Teu beunang dicekelan omonganana, ayeuna kieu engke mah kitu.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Lungguh tutut</b> Katenjona siga lungguh tapi saenyana mah henteu.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Malengpeng pakel ku munding, ngajul bulan ku asiwung</b> Ngajalankeun (mikarep) hiji perkara anu taya pihasileunana.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Maliding sanak</b> Henteu adil, pilih kasih.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Mangpengkeun kuya ka leuwi</b> Nitah mulang ka lemburna, atawa nitah pindah ka tempat bali geusan ngajadi.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Mapay ka puhu leungeun</b> Mamawa ka kolot atawa ka guru, turtaning kolot atawa guru mah teu nyaho naon naon jeung euweuh patalina saeutik eutik acan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Marebutkeun paisan kosong</b> Marebutkeun hiji perkara anu teu aya hasilna atawa mangpaatna.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Maut nyere ka congona</b> Keur ngora senang, tapi ari ka kolotnakeun susah.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Melengkung bekas inhalan</b> Ari keur ngora keneh bageur tapi kakolotnakeun jadi teu bageur.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Mere langgir kalieun</b> Mere naon naon anu bisa jadi aya pisusaheunana atawa pibahlaeunana.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Meuli teri meunang japuh = nyair hurang meunang kancra</b> kalawan teu disangka sangka meunang milik, darajat atawa kauntungan anu leuwih gede.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Meungpeun carang ku ayakan</b> Nyaho yen batur teh salah atawa migawe anu dilarang ku Nagara, tapi teu kitu kieu kalahka api api teu nyaho.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Meungpeung teugeu harianeun</b> Embung pisan tutulung ka batur nu keur susah atawa loba kabutuh.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Miceun batok meunang coet</b> Miceun nu goreng kulantaran hayang meunang anu alus, tapi tungtungna meunang nu goreng deui bae.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Mindingan beungeut ku saweuy</b> ari hate goreng, ngan budi parangi marahmay, perluna pikeun mindingan hate nu goreng tea maksudna supaya ulah kaciri tea.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Mipit teu amit ngala teu menta</b> Maling boga batur.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Miyuni hayam kabiri</b> Leutik burih babari sumerah eleh atawa lalaki nu babari sumerah ka awewe.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Moal ceurik menta eusi</b> Keun bae mawa wadah anu gede oge da lain hayang loba diberena.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Moal neangan jurig teu kadeuleu</b> arek nyekel jelema nu aya bae, moal neangan jelema nu euweuh.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Mobok manggih gorowong</b> Aya lantaran pikeun ngalaksanakeun kahayang anu henteu gampang pihasileun.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Mobok manggih gorowong</b> meunang jalan pikeun ngalaksanakeun kahayang.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Monyet kapalingan jagong</b> Tukang maling kapalingan, tukang tipu katipu, tukang ngarah nagrinah karoroncodan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Mopo memeh nanggung</b> Hoream, teu sanggup samemeh prak.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Mun teu ngakal moal ngakeul</b> mun teu usaha moal pinanggih jeung rejeki pibekeleun hirup.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Mun teu ngoprek, moal nyapek. Mun teu ngakal moal ngakeul. Mun teu ngarah moal ngarih</b> Lamun teu digawe niar kipayah tangtu pisusaheun pikeun hirup.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Muncang labuh ka puhu, kebo mulih pakandangan</b> Mulang ka lemburna sabada mang taun taun aya di pangumbaraan/panyabaan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Mupugkeun tai kanjut</b> Ngetrukeun pangaboga dina waktuna nyunatan atawa ngawinkeun anak anu kacida dipikameumeutna.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ngajul bulan ku asiwung, mesek kalapa ku jara</b> usaha anu mubadir, moal ngadatangkeun hasil (asiwung; kapas nu geus diberesihan sikina, biasana dipake keur mayit nutupan liang-liangan).</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ngadu angklung di pasar</b> papaduan nguruskeun nu euweuh mangpaatna di hareupeun jalma loba.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ngadu ngadu rajawisuna</b> mawakeun omongan si a ka si b jeung sabalikna, temahna si a jeung si b pasea, parerea omong.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Naheun bubu pahareup hareup</b> dina pangabutuh silih injeuman duit.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nangkeup mawa eunyeuh</b> mawa cilaka ka jelema anu dipentaan tulung jeung geus nulungan ka urang.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nangtung kariung ngadeg karageman</b> Ngariung rarageman ngabadamikeun hiji perkara.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nepak cai malar ceret</b> Ngomongkeun jeung ngagogoreng batur, supaya batur teh ragrag ngarana jeung kawentar kagorenganana.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nepakeun jurig pateuh</b> Puguh urang nu goreng tapi kagorengan urang teh ditamplokeun ka batur sangkan urang sorangan salamet.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nete porot ngeumbing lesot</b> Cukup ari ihtiar mah kalawan mangrupa rupa akal tarekah tapi teu hasil bae.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nete semplek nincak semplak</b> Kieu salah kitu salah.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nete semplek nincak semplak</b> Ninggang dina salah jeung rugi bae, turug turug kasusah nambahan deuih.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nete taraje, nincak hambalan</b> Kudu merenah, lamun aya uruskeuneun teh urang kudu datang ka nu handap heula, kakara terus kaluhur.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Neukteuk curuk dina pingping</b> Ngadakwakeun nu lian, tapi nu ngadakwakeunana meula susah, sabab milu katarik kana perkara, milu adu hareupan jeung hakim.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Neukteuk mani anggeus, rokrok pondokeun peunggas harupateun</b> Heuras hatena teu sabar dina nyanghareupan rupa rupa kasusahan jeung babari luluasan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Neundeun piheuleut nunda picela</b> Neangan pilantaraneun supaya jadi goreng supaya temahna papisahan teu ngahiji deui.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ngabudi ucing</b> teu wani nembongkeun atawa ngedalkeun kahayang atawa kadeudeuh.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ngadagoan kuah beukah</b> Ngadagoan pasesaan kadaharan (Hal ieu ngan wungkul tukang babantu di imah batur bae, anu saenyana mah ayana tukang babantu teh henteu perlu).</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ngadagoan uncal mabal</b> Ngadagoan jeung mikahayang kana rejeki tapi sungkan ihtiar pikeun ngadatangkeun eta rejeki.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ngadaweung ngabangbang areuy</b> pohara nineungna kana jaman nu geus kasorang nepi ka matak waas pacampur jeung sedih.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ngadek sacekna, nilas saplasna</b> Ngomong/nyarita anu teu dileuwihan atawa dikurangan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ngadeupaan lincar</b> ngadeukeutan anu keur sidekah atawa kariaan, supaya katenjo ku anu boga imah jeung diajak dahar.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ngagandong kejo susah nyatu</b> loba ari titaheun mah boh anak boh bujang ngan hanjakal ku hese nitah, euweuh nu daekeun ari dititah teh.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ngagedag bari mulungan</b> Nanyakeun hiji perkara ka batur anu urang tacan nyaho, tapi embung kanyahoan yen urang tacan nyaho, kulantaran kitu api api geus nyaho bae.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ngaliarkeun taleus ateul</b> ngabeja bejakeun kagorengan atawa kajahatan batur.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ngaliarkeun taleus ateul</b> Ngabeja bejakeun kagorengan batur atawa kajahatan anu lian.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ngarep ngarep bentang ragrag</b> Ngarep-ngarep nu pamohalan bakal kasorang atawa kajadian.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ngarep ngarep kalangkang heulang</b> Ngarep ngarep hiji perkara anu kacida banggana jeung sudah pihasileunana.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ngawur kasintu, nyieuhkeun hayam</b> ngaraeh jeung darehdeh ka deungeun, sabab hayang kapuji, tapi teu nolih jeung nyapirakeun ka dulur atawa ka baraya sorangan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ngeplek jawer, ngandar jangjang, miyuni hayam kabiri</b> Leutik burih, borangan, sieunan, kecing.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ngeupeul ngahuapan maneh</b> Lungas lengis mikawelas mikaasih ka diri sorangan, supaya batur welaseun jeung nulungan ka urang.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nginjing sila, bengkok sembah</b> goreng hate, teu satia ka anu jadi pamingpin atawa dunungan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ngodok liang buntu hese cape taya gawe, susah payah taya guna</b> sanajan tihothat oge moal atawa henteu beubeunangan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ngodok liang jero</b> Teu hasil enggoning nyiar rejeki, kaditu kadieu luput bae.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ngukur ka kujur nimbang ka awak</b> Ngaluarkeun duit pikeun kaperluan hirup, pakan, pake jste disaluyukeun jeung pangala.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ngukut kuda kuru ari geus gede sok nyepak</b> Ngukut bujang anu tadina pohara balangsakna, susak dahar susah make, tapi ari geus mulya awak lintuh jeung pake hade, ngalawan ka anu jadi dunungan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ngusap birit</b> bari indit kulantaran ambek nyedek atawa era paraa, leos bae indit, teu amit heula ka anu araya didinya.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nimu luang tinu burang</b> Nambahan luang atawa pangarti waktu keur pinanggih jeung kacilakaan atawa hukuman.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nincak parahu dua</b> Ngadunungan ka duaan atawa boga dua pausahaan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ninggang kana kekecrekna</b> Keur mah goreng rupana, goreng laku lampahna deuih.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nini nini dikeningan, awewe randa dihiasan</b> Ngamahalkeun barang naon bae anu geus ruksak.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Noong ka kolong</b> Leutik hate, leutik pangharepan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nu asih dipulang sengit, nu haat dipulang moha</b> nu hade jeung loba jasana ka diri urang, dinyenyeri ku urang, ku omongan atawa ku kalakuan anu goreng.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nu borok dirorojok = nu titeuleum disimbeuhan</b> nu keur susah ditambah kasusahanana, nu keur nyeri ditambah kanyerina.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nu borok dirorojok, nu titeuleum disimbeuhan</b> Nu keur susah ditambah deui kasusahna.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nu burung diangklungan, nu edan dikendangan</b> ngahaminan omongan atawa carita batur, sanajan ceuk hate sorangan eta omongan atawa carita teh salah.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nu tani kari daki, nu dagang kari hutang</b> Nu tani jeung nu dagang sarua ripuhna, euweuh nu mulya.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nuju hirup ninggang wirahma</b> Ngeunaan ka jelema anu keur alus milik.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nulungan anjing kadempet</b> nulungan jelema nu teu boga pisan rasa tumarima.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nya di hurang nya dikeuyeup</b> Di unggal jelema oge taya bedana, sarua bae, mungguhing wiwirang atawa katugenah hate mah boh di menak boh disomah sarua bae.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nya ngagogog nya mantog</b> Nya nitah ka batur nya prak kumanehna.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nya picung nya hulu maung</b> Nu nanya jeung nu ngajawab teu sapagodos, pananya jeung jawaban pasalia, henteu nyambung.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nyaeuran gunung ku taneuh, sagara ku uyah</b> nambahan kauntungan atawa kakayaan ka anu geus beunghar.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nyair hurang meunang kancra</b> Sugan the rek meunang kauntungan, kamuliaan atawa bagja anu leutik manahoreng meunang kauntungan atawa bagja anu gede.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nyaliksik ka buuk leutik</b> Nyusahkeun, peperedih atawa pepentaan ka jelema anu sahandapeun darajatna jeung pangabogana.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nyalindung ka gelung</b> Milu hirup ka pamajikan anu loba pakayana.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nyanggakeun suku genteng belokeun, beuheung teukteukeun, disiksik dikunyit kunyit, dicacag diwalang walang</b> Sumerah, masrahkeun diri rek dibeureum rek dihideung kari kumaha didinya bae, dina rumasa geus salah atawa rumasa boga dosa.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nyanghulu ka jarian</b> Ngawula ka jelema anu sahandapeun harkatna atawa pangartina.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nyeri beuheung sosonggeteun</b> Pohara ngarep ngarepna, tapi anu diarep arep teu jol bae datang.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nyeungeut damar di suhunan</b> mintonkeun kakayaan, atawa barangbere supaya dipuji.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nyeungseurikeun upih ragrag</b> Akey akeyan nyeungseurikeun batur, dumeh buuk geus bodas huntu geus ompong, tonggong geus bengkung turtaning ieu the kahareup mah ku urang sarerea bakal kasorang.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nyiar batuk piaraheun</b> Nyiar pigujrudeun, pipaseaeun.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nyicikeun cai, murulukeun lebu</b> turun cadu (cacaduan), pantang ngalampahkeun hiji perkara anu dilarang ku luluhur.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nyieun catur taya dapur</b> nganggit hiji dongeng nu teu aya galurna.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nyieun heuleur jeroeun huma</b> Henteu raket jeung dulur pahare-hare bae.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nyieun pucuk ti girang</b> pangheulana neangan piaseaeun.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nyiruan mah teu resepeun nyeuseup nu pait</b> Lumrahna manusa teu resep reureujeungan jeung nu teu boga.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nyiuk cai ku ayakan</b> Pagawean nu mubadir, moal ngahasilkeun naon naon.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nyium bari ngegel</b> Omongannana hade ngan hate jeung maksudna goreng . Salakina dipisobat ari pamjikanana dibogohan atawa sabalikna.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nyokot lesot ngeumbing porot</b> Teu aya usaha anu ngahasilkeun.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nyolok mata buncelik</b> nganyenyeri, ngahina atawa ngawiwirang di hareupeunana.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nyuhun nanggung ngelek ngegel</b> Rebo pisan, babawaanana loba naker.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nyuhunkeun bobot pangayon timbang taraju</b> Menta pangampura jeung menta timbangan da geus puguh rumasa ari salah jeung dosa mah.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nyukcruk walungan mapay mapay wahangan</b> Kalawan taliti pisan nalungtik luluhur, imeut pisan pancakakina.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Omong harus batan goong</b> Beja the gancang naker nerekabna, malah sasarina mah beja anu nerekab teh leuwih hebat batan aslina.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Owah gingsir</b> Hanteu tetep, henteu ajeg, gunta ganti pamadegan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Paanteur-anteur julang </b>silih anteur nepi ka aya dua tilu kalina.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Pacikrak ngalawan merak</b> Tangtu elehna sabab nu leutik ngalawan anu gede.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Pada rubak sisi samping</b> Sarua bae pada loba luangna, pada loba pangalamanana.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Pagirang girang tampian</b> Paunggul unggul dina neangan pangupa jira (Paunggul unggul nyiar rejeki, teu daek silih seblokan).</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Paheuyeuk heuyeuk leungeun</b> Silih bantuan, silih belaan, silih tulungan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Pait daging pahang tulang</b> Arang gering.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Pait daging pahang tulang</b> cageur teu keuna ku panyakit naon bae.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Pakotrek iteuk</b> Laki rabi ti ngongora napi kakolot pisan, pada pada geus jadi aki-aki nini-nini.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Paluhur luhur diuk</b> pagede gede kauntungan dina nyiar kipayah.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Panday tara bogaeun bedog</b> Sasarina ari tukang mah sok tara bogaeun.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Papadon los ka kolong</b> Cidra jangji, teu nedunan jangjina.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Peureum kadeuleu beunta karasa</b> Inget bae, teu bisa poho. Biasana mah lain kana barang tapi ka jelema anu dipikancinta.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Piit ngeundeuk ngeundeuk pasir</b> mikarep kaanu lain babadna, tangtu moal kasorang.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Pindah cai pindah tampian</b> Robahna tempat matuh robah adat jeung kabiasaan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Pinter aling laing bodo</b> Pinter tapi embung kanyahoan ku batur, kusabab eta nyeta nyeta anu bodo.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Pipilih meunang nu leuwih koceplak meunang nu pecak</b> Milih kalawan ati ati pisan ku lantaran hayang meunang nu leuwih hade, ngan ahirna meunang nu leuwih goreng.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Piruruhan katengahimahkeun</b> Nu dusun didikan dibawa kana pasamoan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Pupulur memeh mantun</b> Menta ganjaran memeh aya jasa atawa menta buruhan memeh prak digawe.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Pur kuntul kari tunggul, lar gagak kari tunggak, tunggak kacuwatan daging</b> Dina cidrana anu diborehan, boreh anu katempuhan, kudu mayaran hutang anu dipangnanggungkeun.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Puraga tamba kadengda</b> Migawe hiji pagawean henteu jeung enya enya. Henteu ngandung maksud supaya hade hasilna ieu mah pada ulah dipaido bae.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Raweuy beuweungeun rambay alaeun</b> Loba dahareun da loba pepelakan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Rumbak caringin di buruan</b> dina hiji kasusah atawa karerepet geus boga teu boga kolot anu mepelingan ka urang.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Rumbak kuntieun</b> Henteu lengkep, aya bae anu kurang nu matak cua kana hate.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Rup ku padung rap ku lemah, katuruban ku taneuh beureum</b> Maot. Sasarina ngeunaan kanyeri anu satungtung hirup moal poho sanajan nepi ka maot.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Rusuh luput gancang pincang</b> Migawe naon bae anu rurusuhan, temahna matak kaduhung sabab hasilna teu matak nyugemakeun.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Sabobot sapihanean</b> Sauyunan, sapapait samamanis sabagja sacilaka.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Sabuni buni anu ngising</b> sanajan dibunian atawa disumputkeun oge ari laku lampah anu goreng mah awal akhir sok kudu kanyahoan bae.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Sagalak galakna macan taru nyatu anakna</b> sanajan pohara bengisna nu jadi indung-bapa, umuna tara tega ka anu jadi anak.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Sagolek pangkek sacangreud pageuh</b> Hanteu cidra kana jangji.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Saherang herangna cai beas</b> Galibna hate teh hese pisan beresihna ka jelema anu geus bukti tas nganyernyeri ka urang.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Saherang herangna cibeas, moal herang cara cisumur</b> Sasarina lamun geus aya pacengkadan sok tara hade deui cara bareto samemeh aya pacengkadan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Sakecap kadua gobang</b> Gampang ngambek jeung gampang ngadek deuih.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Sakiriciking duit sakocopoking bogo</b> Naon bae anu matak narik kana hate urang.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Saluhur luhur punduk tara ngaliwatan hulu</b> Sapinter pinterna murid pangartina moal ngaluhuran guru.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Sangsara di geusan betah</b> Teuing ku miskin, teu boga naon naon pisan kulantaran geus embung digawe nyiar kipayah. Anehna the ari hirup mah hayang keneh.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Sapu nyere pegat simpay</b> Paturay papisahan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Sareundeuk saigel sabobot sapihanean sabata sarimbangan</b> Sauyunan, layeut, tara aya pacengkadan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Satengah buah leunca</b> Teu jejeg ingetan, langlang lingling, kurang saeundan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Saumur nyunyuhun hulu</b> Saumur hirup rumingkang di bumi alam.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Saungkab peundeuy</b> Omongan anu pondok tur kurang manis.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Sengserang padung</b> Ngeunaan awewe atawa lalaki anu boga keneh napsuna cara baheula keur ngora keneh, sasarina aya di jelema nu geus kolot, nu tereh paeh.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Sentak badakeun</b> teu ceehan dina gawe, mimiti pohara getolna, tapi beuki lila beuki ngedul nu tungtungna teh diantep teu dipigawe pisan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Sereg di panto logor di liang jarum</b> nyingkahan hirup kumbuh jelema loba, sabab loba dosa, loba kasieun jeung kaera, betahna dinu suni nu teu aya jelema.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Sereg dibuana logor diliang jarum</b> Kulantaran loba kasalahan atawa dosa, embung cicing di nu rame, sabab sieun, karesepna the di nu suni, nu euweuh jelema.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Seukeut ambeu seukeut deuleu</b> loba mata-matana jeung pinter nyusud perkara (keur pagawean pulisi).</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Seukeut tambang manan gobang</b> Sakumaha gagahna wanina jeung ngalawana oge jalma jahat mah awal ahir tangtu katangkep pulisi.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Seuneu hurung cai caah</b> Keur ambek, keur amarah, keur napsu.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Seuneu hurung dipancaran</b> Nu keur napsu, heug ditambahan pisan pikakeuheuleun, tangtu bae ngambekna jadi tambah.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Seuseut batan neureuy keueus</b> Hese pisan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Sibanyo laleur</b> Ledis pisan, teu nyesa saeutik eutik acan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Sirung ngaliwatan tunggul</b> Darajat atawa milik anak ngaliwatan bapa.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Sosoroh ngadon kojor</b> Kikiriman ku lantaran aya pangarahan tapi boro boro meunang kauntungan, kalahka meunang wiwirang jeung karugian.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Tamiang meulit ka bitis</b> Malindes ka diri sorangan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Tamplok batokeun</b> Berehan teuing nepi ka urang mah susah.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Taya halodo panyadapan</b> taya eureuna digelendeng atawa di dicarekan (Terus bae digelendeng atawa dicarekan).</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Teng anak teng, anak merak kukuncungan</b> sipat-sipat nu aya di anak, babakuna nu hadena, sasarina loba anu diturunkeun ku kolotna.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Teu aya sarebuk samerang nyamu</b> Teu aya saeutik eutik acan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Teu beunang dikoet kunu keked</b> Teuing ku koret, tara pisan tutulung ka nu butuh tatalang ka nu susah.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Teu boga pikir rangkepan</b> Teu boga curiga saeutik eutik acan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Teu busik bulu salambar</b> teu regrog regrog, malah unggul dina juritna.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Teu cari ka Batawi tapi ka salaki</b> hakan pake hayang ti salaki.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Teu diambeuan</b> teu dipikarisi, teu dipikagimir, teu dihargaan/diajenan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Teu didingding kelir</b> teu dibuni buni, ditembrakeun bae, teu dirasiahkeun.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Teu dipiceun sasieur</b> Sarua pisan teu aya bedana saeutik eutik acan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Teu ditari teu ditakon</b> Teu dipalire diantep bae, teu ditanya tanya acan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Teu gugur teu angina</b> Samemeh kajadian naon naon, teu aya pisan beja, lantaran atawa ciciren.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Teu jauh ti tihang juru teu anggang ti tihang tengah</b> Nya goreng rupana nya goreng kalakuanana sok daek pulang paling.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Teu mais teu meuleum</b> teu aya patalina pisan, teu pipilueun.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Teu ngalarung nu burung, teu nyesakeun nu edan</b> ngalajur napsu ka awewe, ka anu halal jeung anu haram oge disaruakeun bae.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Teu nginjeum ceuli teu nginjeum mata</b> Ngadenge jeung nenjo sorangan lain cenah jeung baruk.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Teu nyaho di alip bingkeng</b> bodo teu bisa maca-maca acan, da teu sakola.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Teu puguh alang ujurna</b> teu puguh entep seureuhna, teu beres lain kitu kuduna.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Teu wawuh wuwuh pajauh, teu loma tambah paanggang</b> Sing wawuh tur sing loma sabab balukarna alus pisan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Teui hir teu walahir, teu kakak, teu caladi teu aro aro acan</b> Teu baraya, teu kaka, teu adi teu alo alo acan. Deungeun deungeun tulen.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ti luhur sausap rambut ti handap sahibas dampal</b> Menta dihampura tina rumasa geus salah atawa boga dosa.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ti peuting kapalingan ti beurang kasayaban</b> Sababaraha kali karurugian atawa karoroncodan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Tiis ceuli herang mata</b> ngeunah hate kulantaran ngeunah deudeuleuan jeung dedengean.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Tikoro andon peso</b> ngadeukeutan jelema nu bakal ngahukum atawa nganyenyeri ka diri urang.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Tinggar kalongeun</b> Teu sieun atawa teu nurut kulantaran remen teuing digelendeng atawa dicarekan.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Tipu keling ragaji Inggris</b> pinter dina kajahatan, pinter dina ngbobodo atawa nipu.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Titip diri sangsang badan</b> Mihapekeun maneh.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Titirah ngadon kanceuh</b> sejana nyiar kasenangan, tapi jadina pinanggih jeung kasusah nu leuwih gede.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Totopong heureut dibeber beber, tangtu soeh</b> nyukupan ku pangala nu sakitu saeutikna, tangtu bae matak jadi susah, lamun rejeki atawa pangala saeutik, ari keperluan jeung pangaluaran anu sakitu lobana.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Tugur tundang cuntang gantang</b> Ngajalankeun pagawean pikeun Nagara, babakti ka nagara.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Tunggul dirarud catang dirumpak</b> Euweuh anu dipikaserab, terus bae ngalajur napsu.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Tunggul sirungan, catang supaan</b> Aya kajadian anu goreng atawa matak teu genah ahirna.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Tungkul ka jukut tanggah ka sadapan</b> junun nyanghareupan pagawean anu dipilampah, teu kaganggu ku naon naon.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ulah beunghar memeh boga</b> ulah adigung nyeta nyeta anu beunghar, turtaning henteu atawa tacan boga pakaya.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ulah cara ka kembang malati kudu cara ka picung</b> Ulah sok bosenan ari ka pamajikan teh, hadena mah ti keur ngora keneh nepi ka geus kolot teh, lain beuki lila beuki bosen tapi kudu beuki lila beuki welas asih.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ulah cara ka malati kudu cara ka picung</b> Ulah ngurangan kanyaah kudu beuki lila beuki nyaah.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ulah kabawa ku sakaba-kaba</b> ulah kabawa ku nu teu puguh, maksudna kabawa jurig, dedemit.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ulah muragkeun duwegan ti luhur</b> masing nyaah kana rejeki meunang hese cape ladang kesang, pacuan arek dimonyah monyah.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ulah pangkat memeh jeneng</b> Ulah adigung adiguna hayang nyaruaan ka nu geus jeneng.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ulah tiis tiis jahe</b> kudu iatna, kudu cingceung.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Ulah unggut kalinduan ulah gedag kaanginan</b> Ulah kagoda, ulah kaganggu atawa kabengbat ku rypa rupa, lamun urang keur nyanghareupan hiji maksud anu hade.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Uncal tara ridu ku tanduk</b> Duduluran karumpul kabeh.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Uyah tara tees kaluhur</b> Galibna sipat indung bapa anu harade atawa anu goreng sok diturunkeun ka anak incuna.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;"><tbody>
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</div>che moutzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08198123137685616928noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472234877835187645.post-71022459329373903042011-10-09T22:28:00.000-07:002011-10-09T22:28:02.725-07:00turbin cross flow<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #212121; color: #999999; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;"></span><br />
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Turbin Cross-Flow</em> adalah salah satu turbin air dari jeis turbin aksi (<em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">impulse turbine</em>). Prinsip kerja turbin ini mula-mula ditemukan oleh seorang insinyur Australia yang bernama A.G.M. Michell pada tahun 1903. Kemudian turbin ini dikembangkan dan dipatenkan di Jerman Barat oleh Prof. Donat Banki sehingga turbin ini diberi nama Turbin Banki kadang disebut juga <em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Turbin Michell-Ossberger</em> (Haimerl, L.A., 1960).</span></div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pemakaian jenis Turbin Cross-Flow lebih menguntungkan dibanding dengan pengunaan kincir air maupun jenis turbin mikro hidro lainnya. Penggunaan turbin ini untuk daya yang sama dapat menghemat biaya pembuatan penggerak mula sampai 50 % dari penggunaan kincir air dengan bahan yang sama. Penghematan ini dapat dicapai karena ukuran Turbin Cross-Flow lebih kecil dan lebih kompak dibanding kincir air. Diameter kincir air yakni roda jalan atau runnernya biasanya 2 meter ke atas, tetapi diameter Turbin Cross-Flow dapat dibuat hanya 20 cm saja sehingga bahan-bahan yang dibutuhkan jauh lebih sedikit, itulah sebabnya bisa lebih murah. Demikian juga daya guna atau effisiensi rata-rata turbin ini lebih tinggi dari pada daya guna kincir air. Hasil pengujian laboratorium yang dilakukan oleh pabrik turbin Ossberger Jerman Barat yang menyimpulkan bahwa daya guna kincir air dari jenis yang paling unggul sekalipun hanya mencapai 70 % sedang effisiensi turbin Cross-Flow mencapai 82 % ( Haimerl, L.A., 1960 ). Tingginya effisiensi Turbin Cross-Flow ini akibat pemanfaatan energi air pada turbin ini dilakukan dua kali, yang pertama energi tumbukan air pada sudu-sudu pada saat air mulai masuk, dan yang kedua adalah daya dorong air pada sudu-sudu saat air akan meninggalkan runner. Adanya kerja air yang bertingkat ini ternyata memberikan keuntungan dalam hal effektifitasnya yang tinggi dan kesederhanaan pada sistim pengeluaran air dari runner.</span></div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img alt="Cross Flow" src="http://www.agussuwasono.com/images/stories/cross-flow.jpg" /></span></div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">klasifikasi</div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #212121; color: #999999; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;"><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">Dengan kemajuan ilmu Mekanika fluida dan Hidrolika serta memperhatikan sumber energi air yang cukup banyak tersedia di pedesaan akhirnya timbullah perencanaan-perencanaan turbin yang divariasikan terhadap tinggi jatuh ( head ) dan debit air yang tersedia. Dari itu maka masalah turbin air menjadi masalah yang menarik dan menjadi objek penelitian untuk mencari sistim, bentuk dan ukuran yang tepat dalam usaha mendapatkan effisiensi turbin yang maksimum.<br />
Pada uraian berikut akan dijelaskan pengklasifikasian turbin air berdasarkan beberapa kriteria.</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">1.1. Berdasarkan Model Aliran Air Masuk Runner.</strong></div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">Berdasaran model aliran air masuk runner, maka turbin air dapat dibagi menjadi tiga tipe yaitu</div><ol style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Turbin Aliran Tangensial</strong></li>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">Pada kelompok turbin ini posisi air masuk runner dengan arah tangensial atau tegak lurus dengan poros runner mengakibatkan runner berputar, contohnya Turbin Pelton dan Turbin Cross-Flow.</div></ol><div style="text-align: justify;"><img alt="1.Turbin_Aliran_tangensial" src="http://www.agussuwasono.com/images/stories/turbin_air/1.Turbin_Aliran_tangensial.jpg" /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">2. </span><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;">Turbin Aliran Aksia</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #eeeeee;">l</span></strong></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #eeeeee;">. </span><ol style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">Pada turbin ini air masuk runner dan keluar runner sejajar dengan poros runner, Turbin Kaplan atau Propeller adalah salah satu contoh dari tipe turbin ini.</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><img alt="2.Model_Aliran_Aksial" src="http://www.agussuwasono.com/images/stories/turbin_air/2.Model_Aliran_Aksial.jpg" /></div></ol></span><img alt="2.Model_Aliran_Aksial" src="http://www.agussuwasono.com/images/stories/turbin_air/2.Model_Aliran_Aksial.jpg" /><div><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #999999; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">3. </span><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Turbin Aliran Aksial - Radial</strong></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;"><ol style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #999999; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">Pada turbin ini air masuk ke dalam runner secara radial dan keluar runner secara aksial sejajar dengan poros. Turbin Francis adalah termasuk dari jenis turbin ini.</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"></div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #999999; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">1.2. Berdasarkan Perubahan Momentum Fluida Kerjanya.</strong></div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #999999; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">Dalam hal ini turbin air dapat dibagi atas dua tipe yaitu :</div><ol style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #999999; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Turbin Impuls.</strong></li>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">Semua energi potensial air pada turbin ini dirubah menjadi menjadi energi kinetis sebelum air masuk/ menyentuh sudu-sudu runner oleh alat pengubah yang disebut nozel. Yang termasuk jenis turbin ini antara lain : Turbin Pelton dan Turbin Cross-Flow.</div><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Turbin Reaksi.</strong></li>
Pada turbin reaksi, seluruh energi potensial dari air dirubah menjadi energi kinetis pada saat air melewati lengkungan sudu-sudu pengarah, dengan demikian putaran runner disebabkan oleh perubahan momentum oleh air. Yang termasuk jenis turbin reaksi diantaranya : Turbin Francis, Turbin Kaplan dan Turbin Propeller.</ol><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #999999; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"></div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #999999; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">1.3. Berdasarkan Kecepatan Spesifik (ns)</strong></div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #999999; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">Yang dimaksud dengan kecepatan spesifik dari suatu turbin ialah kecepatan putaran runner yang dapat dihasilkan daya effektif 1 BHP untuk setiap tinggi jatuh 1 meter atau dengan rumus dapat ditulis ( Lal, Jagdish, 1975 ) :</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #999999; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"></div><pre style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(53, 53, 53); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-color: initial; border-left-color: rgb(53, 53, 53); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-right-color: rgb(53, 53, 53); border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(53, 53, 53); border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1px; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; margin-bottom: 15px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; overflow-x: auto; overflow-y: auto; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 10px; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">ns = n . Ne <sup style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">1/2</sup> / H<sub style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">efs</sub><sup style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">5/4</sup></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #333333; color: #bbbbbb;">
</span></pre><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #999999; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Dimana :</em></div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #999999; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">ns = kecepatan spesifik turbin
n = Kecepatan putaran turbin ....... rpm
H<sub style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">efs</sub> = tinggi jatuh effektif ...... m
Ne = daya turbin effektif ...... HP</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #999999; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">Setiap turbin air memiliki nilai kecepatan spesifik masing-masing, tabel 1. menjelaskan batasan kecepatan spesifik untuk beberapa turbin kovensional ( Lal, Jagdish, 1975 )</div><div style="background-color: transparent; color: #999999;"><img alt="tabel1_kecepatan_spesifik" src="http://www.agussuwasono.com/images/stories/turbin_air/tabel1_kecepatan_spesifik.jpg" /></div></ol><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"><br />
</span></div></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #212121; color: #999999; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;"><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">1.4. Berdasarkan Head dan Debit.</strong></div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 15px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">Dalam hal ini pengoperasian turbin air disesuaikan dengan potensi head dan debit yang ada yaitu :</div><ol style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Head yang rendah yaitu dibawah 40 meter tetapi debit air yang besar, maka Turbin Kaplan atau propeller cocok digunakan untuk kondisi seperti ini.</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Head yang sedang antara 30 sampai 200 meter dan debit relatif cukup, maka untuk kondisi seperti ini gunakanlah Turbin Francis atau Cross-Flow.</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Head yang tinggi yakni di atas 200 meter dan debit sedang, maka gunakanlah turbin impuls jenis Pelton.</li>
</ol></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;"><ol style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #999999; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"></div></ol></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #212121; color: #999999; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;"><img alt="4.Jenis_Runner" src="http://www.agussuwasono.com/images/stories/turbin_air/4.Jenis_Runner.jpg" /></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #212121; color: #999999; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;"><br />
</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: #212121; color: #999999; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20px;"><br />
</span></div>che moutzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08198123137685616928noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472234877835187645.post-64169381990280598302011-10-07T21:19:00.000-07:002011-10-07T21:19:02.988-07:00Teknik Pelapisan Chromium<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.25in;"><strong><em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">Pelapisan Chromium</span></em></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><strong><em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">Teknik pelapisan logam dengan menggunakan </span><em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">chrominum</span></em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> sebagai pelapis mulai digunakan pertama kali di Jerman sekitar tahun 1923, metode ini banyak diterapkan untuk melapisi pelat baja agar tahan korosi,mengkilap dan tahan aus. Ditinjau dari hasil pelapisan, maka dapat dibedakan dalam dua jenis pelapisan </span><em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">chromium, </span></em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">yaitu pelapisan</span><em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">chromium</span></em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> dekoratif dan pelapisan </span><em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">chromium</span></em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> keras (</span><em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">Hard Chromium</span></em><em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">plating</span></em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">). Pada pelapisan </span><em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">chromium</span></em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> dekoratif, faktor keindahan dan tahan korosi merupakan tujuan utama, contohnya peralatan optik, komponen elektronik dan industri otomotif. Sedangkan dalam pelapisan</span><em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">chromium</span></em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> keras, ketahanan aus</span><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">lebih diutamakan, contohnya roda gigi dan </span><em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">cutting tool</span></em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">.</span></span></em></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">Pelapisan </span><em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">chromium</span></em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> terjadi berdasarkan teori reduksi ion chromat valensi enam yang mengendap pada katoda. Ada dua asumsi berbeda yang dapat digunakan untuk menjelaskan proses reduksi ion chromat,yaitu:</span></div><ol style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">Reduksi ion chromat valensi enam menjadi logamnya melewati tahap antara; atau ....</span></span></li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">Ion chromat valensi enam langsung tereduksi menjadi logamnya.</span></span></li>
</ol><div style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; white-space: pre;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">Ilmuwan yang menganut asumsi pertama diantaranya Raymond Rogers ia menyatakan bahwa deposisi logam </span><em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">chromium</span></em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> dihasilkan dari reduksi Cr</span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">3+</span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> dan Cr</span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">2+</span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">. Sebagai hasil dari difusi, beberapa Cr</span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">2+</span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">dioksidasi menjadi Cr</span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">3+ </span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">dan beberapa diantaranya</span><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">direduksi menjadi loagam .</span><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> </span></span></span></div><div style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">Kelarutan logam </span><em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">chromium </span></em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">dapat terjadi karena kenaikan</span><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">pH pada permukaan katodik,dan kenaikan pH tersebut disebabkan oleh terbentuknya partikel </span><em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">chromium</span></em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> hidrosida sesuai dengan reaksi:</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">Cr</span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">2+</span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> +2 OH </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">à</span><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> Cr (OH)</span><sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">2</span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">Partikel-partikel yang bermuatan positif akan bergerak ke katoda. Pada saat permukaan katoda telah jenuh dengan partikel, maka partikel tersebut akan direduksi oleh atom hydrogen sesuai dengan reaksi Cr(OH)</span><sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">2</span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">+2H</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">à</span><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">Cr+2 H</span><sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">2</span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">O. lapisan </span><em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">chromium</span></em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> dapat terkontaminasi oleh </span><em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">chromium </span></em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">hidrosida jika harga pH pada permukaan katodik berlebih. Lapisan akan banyak mengandung hidrat jika pada katoda banyak terjadi evolusi hydrogen.</span></span></div><div style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; white-space: pre;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> Adapun ilmuwan yang menganut asumsi kedua diantaranya adalah A.I Levin dan A.I Falicheva .Mereka menemukan bahwa ion chromat (CrO</span><sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">4</span></sub><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">2</span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">) direduksi pada katoda secara langsung menjadi logam</span><em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">chromium</span></em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">. Hal ini dibuktikan oleh evolusi hidrogen secara intensif yang menyebabkan permukaan katoda mempunyai pH=6 yaitu saat ion chromat dominan.Disamping itu,adanya ion-ion SO</span><sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">4</span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> dalam larutan akan memudahkan reduksi langsung Cr</span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">6+</span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> menjadi Cr</span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">o</span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">.</span><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> </span></span></span></div><div style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"></span></span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">Alat-alat yang digunakan dalam proses plating</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">Alat yang digunakan :</span></span></div><ol style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">Sumber Arus DC</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">Katoda ( Benda Kerja /umumya baja)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">Anoda (Pb)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">Beaker Glass</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">Larutan Elektrolit</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">Statip</span></li>
</ol><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> </span></strong></span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">Persiapan Logam Dasar</span></strong></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">Sebelum dilakukan pelapisan, logam dasar harus dibersihkan terlebih dahulu. Proses pembersihan yang dilakukan yaitu :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">a.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> </span></span></span><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">Pembersihan secara mekanik, yaitu dengan penggerindaan dengan kertas ampelas silicon karbida dengan mesh 120 dan 240</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">b.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> </span></span></span><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">Pembersihan secara kimia (</span><em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">degreasing</span></em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">) yaitu, dengan cara mencelupkan benda kerja pada larutan alkalin pada temperatur 70 – 80 </span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">0</span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">C selama 3 – 5 menit. Larutan yang digunakan adalah NaOH 35 g/l</span><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">H</span><sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">2</span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">O DM.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">c.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> </span></span></span><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">Etsa yang dilakukan mengikuti standar ASTM B 183 – 79</span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">(10)</span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">yaitu menggunakan larutan campuran HC1 dan H</span><sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">2</span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">O DM dengan perbandingan dalam persen berat 30:70. Etsa dilakukan untuk mengaktivasi permukaan logam dasar supaya mudah untuk dilakukan pelapisan. Setelah di etsa benda kerja harus dibersihkan dengan H</span><sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">2</span></sub><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">O DM untuk menghilangkan larutan etsan, sebelum dilakukan pelapisan.</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27pt;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal;"></span></span></span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">Proses pelapisan dilakukan dengan menempatkan logam dasar pada katoda (kutub negatif) dan timah hitam pada anoda (kutub positif).</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">Penulis : </span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> </span><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">1.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">Teknisi Laboratorium Teknik Mesin Fakultas Teknik Universitas Subang</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> </span><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">2.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #999999;">Dosen Teknik Mesin Fakultas Teknik Universitas Subang.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #bbbbbb; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"></span></div><table class="contentpaneopen" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 7px; padding-right: 7px; padding-top: 7px; width: 482px;"><tbody>
<tr style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td colspan="2" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" valign="top" width="70%"><span class="small" style="color: #2f6c88; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><b><i><u>Written by Deny Poniman </u></i></b></span><b><i><u> </u></i></b></td></tr>
<tr style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td class="createdate" colspan="2" style="color: #2f6c88; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" valign="top"><b><i><u>Thursday, 29 April 2010 11:09</u></i></b></td></tr>
<tr style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><td colspan="2" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;"><b><i><u>Cartim </u></i></b><sup><b><i><u>1) </u></i></b></sup><b><i><u>Deny Poniman </u></i></b><sup><b><i><u>2)</u></i></b></sup><b><i><u> </u></i></b></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px; color: #bbbbbb; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: normal;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;">Daftar Pustaka ;</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">1.</span>ASM. 1972.“<em>Metal Handbook</em>”, Volume 2 Heat Treating, Cleaning, And Finishing, 8<sup>th</sup> edition, Metals Park, Ohio.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">2.</span>ASM. 1972. <em>Metal Handbook</em>”,Volume 1 : Properties and Selection of Metals, 8<sup>th</sup> edition, Metals park,Ohio.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">3.</span>A.Lowenheim, Fredirick, 1974,”<em>Modern Electropllating</em>”, 3<sup>rd</sup> edition, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">4.</span>Dieter, George E 1986,”<em>Mechanical Metallurgi</em>”, McGraw-Hill Book Co.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">5.</span>ASM,1986. “<em>Metal Handbook</em>”. Volume 10:Materials Characterization,9<sup>th </sup>edition.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">6.</span>ASTM. 1981, “<em>Annual Book Of Standards</em>”. Volume 4,</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt;"><span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">7.</span>Lainer, V.I. 1970m “<em>Modern Electroplating</em>”, Translated From Russian, Jerussalem, Israel, Program For Scientific Translation.</div>che moutzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08198123137685616928noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472234877835187645.post-73059051248860989662011-10-07T21:09:00.000-07:002011-10-07T21:09:23.068-07:00KEPUTUSAN MENTERI PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 234/U/2000 TENTANG PEDOMAN PENDIRIAN PERGURUAN TINGGI<div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">KEPUTUSAN MENTERI PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL REPUBLIK INDONESIA</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> NOMOR 234/U/2000</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> TENTANG PEDOMAN PENDIRIAN PERGURUAN TINGGI</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Menimbang :</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">bahwa sebagai pelaksanaan ketentuan Pasal 118 dan Pasal 121 Peraturan</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pemerintah nomor 60 Tahun 1999 tentang Pendidikan Tinggi, dipandang </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">perlu menetapkan kembali Keputusan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">tentang Pedoman Pendirian Perguruan Tinggi</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Mengingat :</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">1. Undang-undang Nomor 2 Tahun 1989 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> (Lembaran Negara Tahun 1989 Nomor 6, Tambahan Lembaran Negara </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Nomor 3374); </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">2. Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 60 Tahun 1999 tentang </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Pendidikan Tinggi (Lembaran Negara Tahun 1999 Nomor 115, Tambahan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Lembaran Negara Nomor 3859);</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">MEMUTUSKAN :</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Menetapkan :</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">KEPUTUSAN MENTERI PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">TENTANG PEDOMAN PENDIRIAN PERGURUAN TINGGI</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">BAB I</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">KETENTUAN UMUM</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pasal 1</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Dalam Keputusan ini yang dimaksud dengan:</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 1. Menteri adalah Menteri Pendidikan Nasional;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 2. Perguruan tinggi negeri selanjutnya disebut PTN adalah perguruan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> tinggi yang diselenggarakan oleh Menteri.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 3. Menteri lain adalah Menteri yang bertanggungjawab atas </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> penyelenggaraan perguruan tinggi di luar lingkungan Departemen </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Pendidikan Nasional;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 4. Perguruan tinggi swasta selanjutnya disebut PTS adalah perguruan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> tinggi yang diselenggarakan oleh Badan Penyelenggara Perguruan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Tinggi Swasta.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 5. Badan Penyelenggara Perguruan Tinggi Swasta yang selanjutnya </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> disingkat BPPTS adalah badan hukum/yayasan yang bersifat nir laba </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> yang menyelenggarakan perguruan tinggi swasta (PTS).</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 6. Perguruan tinggi kedinasan selanjutnya disebut PTK adalah akademi, </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> politeknik atau sekolah tinggi yang diselenggarakan oleh Menteri </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> lain atau pimpinan lembaga pemerintah non departemen (LPND) untuk</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> meningkatkan kemampuan dalam pelaksanaan tugas kedinasan bagi </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> pegawai atau calon pegawai di lembaga yang bersangkutan.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 7. Akademi adalah perguruan tinggi yang menyelenggarakan program </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> pendidikan profesional dalam satu cabang atau sebagian cabang ilmu </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> pengetahuan, teknologi atau kesenian tertentu.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 8. Politeknik adalah perguruan tinggi yang menyelenggarakan program </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> pendidikan profesional dalam sejumlah bidang pengetahuan khusus.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 9. Sekolah Tinggi adalah perguruan tinggi yang menyelenggarakan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> pendidikan profesional dan akademik dalam lingkup satu disiplin </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi atau kesenian tertentu.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">10. Institut adalah perguruan tinggi yang di samping menyelenggarakan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> pendidikan akademik dapat pula menyelenggarakan pendidikan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> profesional dalam sekelompok disiplin ilmu pengetahuan, </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> teknologi dan/atau kesenian sejenis.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">11. <strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">Universitas adalah perguruan tinggi yang di samping </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> menyelenggarakan pendidikan akademik dapat pula menyelenggarakan </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> pendidikan profesional dalam sejumlah disiplin ilmu pengetahuan, </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> teknologi dan/atau kesenian tertentu.</strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">12. Fakultas adalah satuan struktural pada universitas atau institut </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> yang mengkoordinasikan dan/atau melaksanakan pendidikan akademik </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> dan/atau profesional dalam satu atau seperangkat cabang ilmu </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> pengetahuan, teknologi dan/atau kesenian tertentu.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">13. Program Diploma I selanjutnya disebut Program D I adalah jenjang </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> pendidikan profesional yang mempunyai beban studi minimal 40 </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> satuan kredit semester (sks) dan maksimal 50 sks dengan kurikulum </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 2 semester dan lama program antara 2 sampai 4 semester setelah </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Sekolah Lanjutan Tingkat Atas.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">14. Program Diploma II selanjutnya disebut Program D II adalah jenjang </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> pendidikan profesional yang mempunyai beban studi minimal 80 </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> satuan kredit semester (sks) dan maksimal 90 sks dengan kurikulum </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 4 semester dan lama program antara 4 sampai 6 semester setelah </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Sekolah Lanjutan Tingkat Atas. </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">15. Program Diploma III selanjutnya disebut Program D III adalah </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> jenjang pendidikan profesional yang mempunyai beban studi minimal </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 110 satuan kredit semester (sks) dan maksimal 120 sks dengan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> kurikulum 6 semester dan lama program antara 6 sampai 10 semester </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> setelah Sekolah Lanjutan Tingkat Atas.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">16. Program Diploma IV selanjutnya disebut Program D IV adalah </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> jenjang pendidikan profesional yang mempunyai beban studi minimal </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 144 satuan kredit semester (sks) dan maksimal 160 sks dengan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> kurikulum 8 semester dan lama program antara 8 sampai 14 semester </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> setelah Sekolah Lanjutan Tingkat Atas.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">17. Program Sarjana selanjutnya disebut Program S1 adalah jenjang </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> pendidikan akademik yang mempunyai beban studi antara minimal </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 144 satuan kredit semester(sks) dan maksimal 160 sks dengan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> kurikulum 8 semester dan lama program antara 8 sampai 14 semester </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> setelah Sekolah Lanjutan Tingkat Atas.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">18. Program Magister selanjutnya disebut Program S2 adalah jenjang </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> pendidikan akademik yang mempunyai beban studi antara minimal </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 36 satuan kredit semester(sks) dan maksimal 50 sks dengan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> kurikulum 4 semester dan lama program antara 4 sampai 10 semester </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> setelah pendidikan Program S1 atau sederajat.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">19. Program Doktor selanjutnya disebut Program S3 adalah jenjang </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> pendidikan akademik yang ditempuh setelah perididikan Program S1 </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> atau sederajat, atau ditempuh setelah pendidikan Program S2 atau </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> sederajat, dengan beban studi dan prosedur yang ditetapkan dengan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Keputusan Menteri;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">20. Program Studi adalah kesatuan rencana belajar sebagai pedoman </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> penyelenggaraan pendidikan akademik dan/atau profesional yang </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> diselenggarakan atas dasar suatu kurikulum serta ditujukan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> agar mahasiswa dapat mengusai pengetahuan, keterampilan dan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> sikap yang sesuai dengan sasaran kurikulum.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">21. Bagian adalah jurusan yang tidak mempunyai program studi.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">22. Jurusan adalah unsur pelaksana akademik pada akademi, sekolah </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> tinggi atau fakultas dan sebagai wadah yang memfasilitasi </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> pelaksanaan program studi. </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">23. Direktur Jenderal adalah Direktur Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pasal 2</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(1) Pendirian pcrguruan tinggi merupakan pembentukan akademi, </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> politeknik, sekolah tinggi, institut, dan universitas.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(2) Akademi terdiri atas satu program studi atau lebih yang </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> menyelenggarakan Program Diploma Satu (D I), Program Diploma Dua </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> (D II) dan/atau Program Diploma Tiga (D III).</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(3) Politeknik terdiri atas tiga program studi atau lebih yang </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> menyelenggarakan Program Diploma Satu (D I), Program Diploma Dua </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> (D II), Program Diploma Tiga (D III) dan/atau Program Diploma </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Empat (D IV).</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(4) Sekolah tinggi terdiri atas satu program studi atau lebih yang </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> menyelenggarakan : program Diploma Satu (D I), Program Diploma </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Dua (D II), Program Diploma Tiga (D III) dan/atau Program Diploma </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Empat (D IV), dan yang memenuhi syarat dapat menyelenggarakan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Program S1, Program S2 dan/atau Program S3. </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(5) Institut terdiri atas enam program studi atau lebih yang </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> menyelenggarakan Program S1 dan/atau Program Diploma dan mewakili </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> tiga kelompok disiplin ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi dan/atau </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> kesenian yang berbeda dan yang memenuhi syarat dapat </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> menyelenggarakan Program S2, dan Program S3.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(6) Universitas terdiri atas sepuluh program studi atau lebih yang </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> menyelenggarakan Program S1 dan/atau Program Diploma dan mewakili </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> tiga kelompok bidang ilmu pengetahuan alam dan dua kelompok </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> bidang ilmu pengetahuan sosial atau lebih dan yang memenuhi syarat </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> dapat menyelenggarakan Program S2 dan Program S3.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(7) Jumlah program diploma yang diselenggarakan oleh institut dan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> universitas, tidak melebihi setengah dan jumlah program sarjananya.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pasal 3</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Perubahan bentuk perguruan tinggi adalah :</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">a. Perubahan bentuk dari satu perguruan tinggi menjadi bentuk lain;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">b. Penggabungan dari dua atau lebih bentuk perguruan tinggi;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">c. Pemecahan dari satu bentuk perguruan tinggi menjadi bentuk </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> perguruan tinggi lain.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">BAB II</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">PERSYARATAN</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pasal 4</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Persyaratan pendirian/perubahan perguruan tinggi meliputi</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">a. rencana induk pengembangan (RIP);</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">b. kurikulum;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">c. tenaga kependidikan;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">d. calon mahasiswa;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">e. statuta; </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">f. kode etik sivitas akademika; </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">g. sumber pernbiayaan; </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">h. sarana dan prasarana; </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">i. penyelenggara perguruan tinggi.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pasal 5</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(1) RIP merupakan pedoman dasar pengembangan untuk jangka waktu </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> sekurang-kurangnya lima tahun</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(2) RIP memuat materi pokok :</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> a. Bidang akademik,:</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 1. Program kegiatan</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Satuan kegiatan yang berdasarkan peraturan perundangan atau </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> peraturan perguruan tinggi memiliki kewenangan dan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> tanggungjawab yang mandiri untuk merancang, menyelenggarakan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> dan melaksanakan kegiatan fungsional pendidikan tinggi dan/</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> atau disiplin ilmu yang dituangkan dalam kegiatan proses </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> pembelajaran yang mengacu pada perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> dan teknologi serta keperluan pembangunan masyarakat;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 2. Organisasi penyelenggaraan</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Suatu badan hukum atau pemerintah dalam hal ini Depdiknas, </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Departemen lain dan Lembaga Pemerintah Non Departemen yang </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> berdasar perundangan yang berlaku dapat menyelenggarakan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> perguruan tinggi;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 3. Sumberdaya manusia</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Tenaga pendidik atau kependidikan dan tenaga penunjang </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> pendidikan pada perguruan tinggi yang menyiapkan peserta </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> didik menjadi anggota masyarakat yang memiliki kemampuan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> akademik dan/atau profesional yang dapat menerapkan, </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> mengembangkan dan menyebarluaskan ilmu pengetahuan, </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> teknologi dan kesenian;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 4.<strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> Sarana akademik</strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> Semua peralatan penunjang pelaksanaan kegiatan akademik </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> perguruan tinggi sebagai persyaratan pendidikan suatu </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> perguruan tinggi;</strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 5.<strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> Kerjasama </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> Perguruan tinggi dapat menjalin kerjasama dengan perguruan </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> tinggi dan/atau lembaga lain baik di dalam maupun di luar </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> negeri yang bertujuan untuk saling meningkatkan dan </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> mengembangkan kinerja pendidikan tinggi yang bekerjasama </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> dalam rangka memelihara, membina, memberdayakan dan </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> mengembangkan ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi dan/atau kesenian.</strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 6. Program penelitian dan pengabdian kepada masyarakat</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Penelitian merupakan unsur pelaksana di lingkungan perguruan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> tinggi yang menyelenggarakan pendidikan akademik untuk </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> melaksanakan kegiatan penelitian/pengkajian. </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Pengabdian kepada masyarakat merupakan unsur pelaksana di </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> lingkungan perguruan tinggi untuk menyelenggarakan kegiatan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> pengabdian kepada masyarakat dan ikut mengusahakan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> sumberdaya yang diperlukan masyarakat serta mengendalikan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> administrasi sumberdaya yang diperlukan.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> b. Administrasi Kepegawaian; </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> c.<strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> Prasarana Kampus; </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> d. Pembiayaan</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> e. Tahapan penetapan sasaran dan kuantitatif dalam bidang </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> akademik, organisasi dan ketalaksanaan serta pengembangan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> kampus.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(3) RIP disusun berdasarkan hasil studi kelayakan.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pasal 6</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Studi kelayakan mencakup : </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> a. Latar belakang dan tujuan pendirian perguruan tinggi; </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> b. Bentuk dan nama perguruan tinggi;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> c. Lembaga penunjang kegiatan pendidikan, penelitian, pengabdian </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> kepada masyarakat, administrasi dan perangkat teknis lainnya </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> seperti laboratorium dan perpustakaan;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> d. Dosen dan tenaga kependidikan lain serta pengembangannya; </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> e. Tenaga administrasi dan rencana pengembangannya; </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> f. Sumber dana kegiatan akademik; </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> g. Tanah yang dimiliki/dikuasai untuk pembangunan kampus;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> h. Bidang ilmu yang akan diselenggarakan; </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> i. Daya tampung mahasiswa dalam lima tahun mendatang;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> j. Kebutuhan masyarakat akan tenaga ahli yang akan dihasilkan; </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> k. Prospek minat mahasiswa; </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> l.<strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> Fasilitas fisik yang ada seperti ruang kuliah, ruang dosen, </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> ruang laboratorium, studio, ruang unit pelaksana teknis, </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> ruang instalasi dan ruang kantor serta rencana pengembangannya;</strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> m. Pembiayaan selama lima tahun yang meliputi biaya investasi, </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> penyelenggaraan dan proyeksi aliran dana; </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> n. Kesimpulan studi kelayakan yang meliputi analisis akademik </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> dan administratif, analisis keuangan dan analisis pemenuhan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> kepentingan masyarakat dan pembangunan.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pasal 7</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(1) Kurikulum ditetapkan oleh penyelenggara perguruan tinggi yang </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> bersangkutan sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> berlaku. </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(2) Kurikulum sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1) merupakan bagian </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> dari program kegiatan akademik;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(3)<strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> Program kegiatan akademik memuat keterangan mengenai jurusan/</strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> bagian/program studi, tujuan, silabi, peraturan akademik dan </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> administratif serta prospek lulusan perguruan tinggi yang </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> keseluruhannya itu tersusun dalam buku pedoman/katalog.</strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(4) Program kegiatan akademik disusun berdasarkan semester.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pasal 8</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(1) Dosen tetap pada perguruan tinggi yang baru didirikan untuk </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> setiap program studi sekurang-kurangnya 6 (enam) orang dengan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> latar belakang pendidikan sama/sesuai dengan program studi yang </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> diselenggarakan dan dengan kualifikasi yang memenuhi syarat.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(2) Program studi yang didalam penyelenggaraannya memerlukan dukungan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> lebih dari satu jurusan/bagian, maka selain ketentuan ayat (1) </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> disyaratkan pula harus mempunyai dosen tetap dari masing-masing </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> jurusan bagian pendukung. </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(3) Pada perguruan tinggi yang baru didirikan secara mandiri maupun </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> melalui kerjasama dengan pihak asing dosen tetap sebagaimana </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> dimaksud dalam ayat (1) dan ayat (2) dapat digantikan dengan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> dosen kontrak yaitu seseorang yang memenuhi syarat dosen yang </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> dikontrak untuk masa sekurang-kurangnya 5 (lima) tahun sebagai </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> dosen tetap atau dosen perguruan tinggi asing mitra kerjasama </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> yang ditugaskan sebagai dosen tetap pada perguruan tinggi yang </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> baru.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pasal 9</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Persyaratan minimal yang berkenaan dengan jumlah dan kualifikasi </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">dosen, program studi, jumlah dan kualifikasi tenaga administrasi dan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">penunjang akademik tercantum dalam Lampiran angka 1, 2 dan 3 </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Keputusan ini. </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pasal 10 </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Untuk setiap program studi pada Program Diploma dan Program S1 jumlah </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">calon mahasiswa sekurang-kurangnya 30 orang dan sebanyak-banyaknya </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">disesuaikan dengan nisbah dosen tetap dengan mahasiswa, untuk </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">kelompok bidang ilmu pengetahuan sosial 1 : 30 dan untuk kelompok </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">bidang ilmu pengetahuan alam 1 : 20.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pasal 11</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">Sumber pembiayaan perguruan tinggi disediakan oleh penyelenggara </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">perguruan tinggi yang bersangkutan untuk menjamin kelancaran </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">penyelenggaraan pendidikan tinggi sesuai dengan peranan, tugas dan </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">fungsi perguruan tinggi. </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pasal 12</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(1)<strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> Tanah tempat mendirikan perguruan tinggi dimiliki dengan bukti </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> sertifikat sendiri atau disewa/kontrak untuk sekurang-kurangnya </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> 20 (dua puluh) tahun dengan hak opsi, yang dinyatakan dalam </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> perjanjian.</strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(2) <strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">Sarana dan prasarana lainnya dimiliki sendiri atau disewa/kontrak </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> untuk sekurang-kurangnya 5 (lima) tahun yang dibuktikan dengan </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> sertifikat atau perjanjian meliputi fasilitas fisik pendidikan </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> dengan ketentuan minimal:</strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> a. Ruang kuliah : 0.5 m2 per mahasiswa; </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> b. Ruang dosen tetap : 4 m2 per orang</strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> c. Ruang administrasi dan kantor 4 m2 per orang;</strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> d. Ruang perpustakaan dengan buku pustaka:</strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> 1. Program Diploma dan Program S1 </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> a. buku mata kuliah pengembangan kepribadian (MPK) 1 judul. </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> per-mata kuliah; </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> b. buku mata kuliah ketrampilan dan keahlian (MKK) 2 judul </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> per-mata kuliah;</strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> c. jumlah buku sekurang-kurangnya 10% dari jumlah mahasiswa </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> dengan memperhatikan komposisi jenis judul; </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> d. berlangganan jurnal ilmiah sekurang-kurangnya 1 judul </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> untuk setiap program studi;</strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> 2. Program S2 untuk setiap program studi : 500 judul buku dan </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> berlangganan minimal dua jurnal ilmiah yang terakreditasi </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> pada bidang studi yang relevan;</strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> e. Ruang laboratorium dan unit komputer serta sarana untuk </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> praktikum dan/atau penelitian sesuai dengan ketentuan yang </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> diatur oleh Direktur Jenderal;</strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">(3) Sarana dan prasarana sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (2) sekurang-</strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> kurangnya memenuhi persyaratan minimal yang tercantum dalam </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> Lampiran angka 4 Keputusan ini.</strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pasal 13</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Penyelenggara perguruan tinggi terdiri atas Departemen Pendidikan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Nasional, Departemen lain atau LPND bagi PTN atau PTK dan BP-PTS bagi </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">PTS.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pasal 14</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pendirian perguruan tinggi di lingkungan Departemen Agama selain </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">memenuhi persyaratan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 4 sampai dengan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pasal 12 juga memenuhi persyaratan yang ditetapkan oleh Menteri Agama.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pasal 15</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(1) Persyaratan pendirian PTS oleh BP-PTS selain tercantum dalam Pasal </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 4 sampai dengan Pasal 12 meliputi pula persyaratan</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> a. BP-PTS tercatat pada Pengadilan Negeri setempat;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> b. Ada jaminan tersedianya dana yang cukup untuk</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 1. penyelenggaraan program pendidikan selama empat tahun bagi </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> akademi dan politeknik;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 2. Penyelenggaraan program pendidikan selama enam tahun bagi </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> sekolah tinggi, institut dan universitas.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(2) Pendirian PTS oleh BP-PTS dengan partisipasi asing, selain harus </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> memenuhi persyaratan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1), harus </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> memenuhi persyaratan</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> a. Adanya bauran nasional dan asing dalam kepengurusan BP-PTS;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> b. Adanya dukungan dari perguruan tinggi di luar negeri yang sudah </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> akreditasi di negaranya dalarn bentuk :</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 1. dukungan manajemen, yaitu dukungan operasi pengelolaan bidang </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> akademik dan administrasi terhadap PTS yang akan didirikan; </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 2. dukungan dosen, dengan menempatkan dosen yang berpengalaman </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> dari perguruan tinggi induk di luar negeri sekurang-kurangnya </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 7 (tujuh) tahun untuk program sarjana/pasca sarjana dan 5 </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> (lima) tahun untuk program diploma.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pasal 16</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Persyaratan Pendirian PTK selain tercantum dalam Pasal 4 sampai dengan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pasal 12 meliputi pula persyaratan</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">a. menghasilkan lulusan yang jumlah dan/atau kualifikasinya belum dapat </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> dipenuhi oleh PTN dan PTS;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">b. mahasiswa berasal dan pegawai pada Departemen/LPND yang bersangkutan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> atau penugasan dari Departemen/LPND lain atau semua lulusannya </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> diangkat menjadi Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) Departemen/LPND yang </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> bersangkutan;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">c. PTK berbentuk akademi, politeknik atau sekolah tinggi.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pasal 17</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Persyaratan perubahan bentuk perguruan tinggi sama dengan persyaratan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">pendirian perguruan tinggi, dengan ketentuan: </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">a. Bagi Perguruan tinggi negeri, telah meluluskan sekurang-kurangnya </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 10 (sepuluh) angkatan;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">b. Bagi PTK telah meluluskan sekurang-kurangnya 10 (sepuluh) angkatan, </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> dan tidak berkembang menjadi bentuk institut/universitas;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">c. Bagi PTS telah meluluskan sekurang-kurangnya 5 (lima) angkatan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> dengan ketentuan semua ujian yang diselenggarakan dalam satu tahun </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> akademik dihitung sebagai 1(satu) angkatan ujian.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pasal 18</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(1) Penambahan/perubahan/penutupan fakultas pada PTN ditetapkan oleh </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Menteri setelah mendapat persetujuan tertulis dari Menteri yang </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> menangani pendayagunaan aparatur negara.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(2)<strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> Penambahan/perubahan/penutupan fakultas pada PTS ditetapkan oleh </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> BP-PTS dan dilaporkan kepada Menteri.</strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(3)<strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> Penambahan/perubahan/penutupan jurusan/bagian dan program studi </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> pada PTN ditetapkan oleh Direktur Jenderal.</strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(4) Penambahan/perubahan/penutupan program studi pada PTK ditetapkan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> oleh Menteri lain atau pimpinan LPND setelah mendapat persetujuan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Direktur Jenderal.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(5) <strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">Penambahan/perubahan/penutupan program studi pada PTS ditetapkan </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;"> oleh BP-PTS setelah mendapat persetujuan Direktur Jenderal.</strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">BAB III</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">TATA CARA</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pasal 19</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Tata cara pendirian perguruan tinggi meliputi :</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">1. Usul pendirian untuk dipertimbangkan;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">2. Pemberian pertimbangan</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">3. Pengajuan usul persetujuan pendirian; .</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">4. Pemberian persetujuan;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">5. Penetapan pendirian; </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">6. Penetapan statuta.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pasal 20</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(1) Usul pendirian Perguruan Tinggi oleh pemrakarsa disampaikan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> kepada Direktur Jenderal bagi PTN, PTS dan PTK.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(2) Semua usulan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1) dilengkapi </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> dengan melampirkan persyaratan pendirian perguruan tinggi dan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> hasil studi kelayakan sesuai dengan Pasal 4 dan Pasal 6.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pasal 21</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(1) Selambat-lambatnya dalam jangka waktu 6 (enam) bulan, Direktur </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Jenderal memberi pertimbangan kepada pemrakarsa tentang </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> kemungkinan persetujuan atau penolakan pendirian perguruan tinggi.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(2) Pertimbangan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1) didasarkan atas:</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> a. Pemenuhan persyaratan pendirian perguruan tinggi.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> b. pengembangan dan keseimbangan kelompok disiplin ilmu </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> pengetahuan, teknologi dan kesenian dengan mempercepat </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> pengembangan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (IPA) dan penerapannya.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> c. pengembangan peta pendidikan di suatu wilayah yang menggambarkan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> jumlah dan bentuk perguruan tinggi yang sudah ada, jenis program </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> studi yang diselenggarakan, sebaran lembaga dan daya dukung </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> wilayah yang bersangkutan.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> d. Pengembangan bidang ilmu yang strategis, dengan membatasi bidang </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> ilmu yang telah dianggap mencukupi kebutuhan pembangunan.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pasal 22</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(1) Selambat-lambatnya dalam jangka~ waktu 3 (tiga) tahun setelah </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> pertimbangan Direktur Jenderal yang memungkinkan pendirian </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> perguruan tinggi, pemrakarsa telah mengajukan usul persetujuan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> pendirian dengan ketentuan telah memenuhi persyaratan sebagaimana </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> dimaksud dalarn Pasal 4 sarnpai dengan Pasal 17</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(2) Usul persetujuan pendirian sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1) </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> diajukan kepada:</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">a. Menteri, Menteri lain atau pimpinan LPND bagi PTN dan PTK melalui </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Direktur Jenderal;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">b. Menteri melalui Direktur Jenderal bagi PTS dengan melampirkan:</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 1. Referensi Bank dan bukti lain berkenaan dengan dana </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> penyelenggaran PTS;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 2. Akte Notaris Pendirian BP-PTS;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 3. Anggaran Dasar dan Anggaran Rumah Tangga PTS;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 4. Surat Keterangan tidak terlibat pelanggaran hukum bagi pengurus </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> BP-PTS;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 5. Sertifikat atau perjanjian/sewa kontrak tanah dan prasarana </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> fisik lainnya.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pasal 23</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(1) Atas dasar usul persetujuan pendirian sebagaimana dimaksud </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Pasal 22:</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> a. Menteri mengajukan usul persetujuan pendirian PTN kepada </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Menteri yang menangani pendayagunaan aparatur negara dan Menteri </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Keuangan;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> b. Menteri memberi atau menolak memberi rekomendasi pendirian PTK.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> c. Direktur Jenderal atas narna Menteri memberi atau menolak </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> memberi persetujuan pendirian PTS.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(2) Atas dasar rekomendasi Menteri, Menteri lain atau pimpinan LPND </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> mengajukan usul persetujuan pendirian PTK kepada Menteri yang </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> menangani pendayagunaan aparatur negara dan Menteri Keuangan.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pasal 24</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(1) Atas dasar persetujuan yang diberikan oleh Menteri, yang menangani </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> pendayagunaan aparatur negara dan Menteri Keuangan. Menteri:</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> a. menetapkan pendirian PTN yang berbentuk akademi atau politeknik;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> b. mengajukan usul penetapan pendirian PTN yang berbentuk </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> universitas, institut atau sekolah tinggi kepada Presiden;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(2). Atas dasar persetujuan yang diberikan oleh Menteri Negara </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Menteri Keuangan, Menteri lain </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> atau pimpinan LPND:</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> a. menetapkan pendirian PTK yang berbentuk akademi atau </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> politeknik;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> b. mengajukan usul penetapan pendirian PTK yang berbentuk sekolah</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> tinggi kepada Presiden melalui Menteri;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pasal 25</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(1) Setelah ada ketetapan pendirian PTN atau PTK oleh Menteri, Menteri </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> lain, pimpinan LPND atau Presiden sebagaimana dimaksud dalam </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Pasal 24, PTN dan PTK mengusulkan statuta perguruan tinggi yang </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> bersangkutan kepada Menteri melalui Direktur Jenderal, Menteri </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> lain atau pimpinan LPND untuk ditetapkan dengan keputusan.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(2) Setelah ada ketetapan pendirian PTS, BP-PTS menetapkan statuta PTS</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> yang bersangkutan atas usul senat.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pasal 26</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Setelah statuta ditetapkan, perguruan tinggi yang bersangkutan baru </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">dapat menyelenggarakan kegiatannya.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pasal 27</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Tata cara pendirian perguruan tinggi di lingkungan Departemen Agama </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">yang program studinya di luar bidang agama berlaku tata cara ketentuan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">pendirian PTK.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pasal 28</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Tata cara perubahan bentuk perguruan tinggi dan penambahan program </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">studi berlaku tata cara pendirian perguruan tinggi yang diatur dalam </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">keputusan ini.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">BAB IV</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">PELAPORAN</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pasal 29</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">Perguruan tinggi wajib menyampaikan laporan kepada Menteri mengenai </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">keadaan sumber daya perguruan tinggi sebagaimana dipersyaratkan dalam </strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">Lampiran angka 1, 2, 3 dan 4 keputusan ini dengan disertai bukti-</strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><strong style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;">bukti selambat-lambatnya setiap akhir tahun akademik.</strong></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">BAB V</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">PEMBINAAN</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pasal 30</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Menteri melakukan pembinaan perguruan tinggi yang dapat berupa:</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">a. peningkatan bantuan penyediaan sumberdaya;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">b. pengurangan atau penghentian bantuan penyediaan sumberdaya bagi </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> program-program tertentu;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">c. penghentian pelaksanaan program-program tertentu;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">d. penangguhan untuk sementara otonomi pengelolaan perguruan tinggi </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> yang bersangkutan;</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">e. pembinaan lainnya yang dipandang perlu; atau</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">f. penutupan perguruan tinggi.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">BAB VI</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">KETENTUAN LAIN</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pasal 3l</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Program pendidikan tinggi yang memberikan gelar akademik dan sebutan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">profesional hanya dapat diselenggarakan pada perguruan tinggi yang </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">memenuhi persyaratan yang diatur dalam Keputusan ini.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pasal 32</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Perguruan tinggi atau lembaga asing dapat melaksanakan kegiatan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">pendidikan di Indonesia melalui kerjasama dengan mitra kerja di </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Indonesia, baik dengan perguruan tinggi yang sudah ada atau secara </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">bersama mendirikan perguruan tinggi baru dengan persyaratan tersebut </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">dalam Pasal 15.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">BAB VII</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">KETENTUAN PENUTUP</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pasal 33</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Dengan berlakunya keputusan ini, Keputusan Menteri Pendidikan dan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Kebudayaan Nomor 0222/U/1998 tentang Pedoman Pendirian Perguruan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Tinggi dan semua ketentuan yang bertentangan dengan Keputusan ini </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">dinyatakan tidak berlaku.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Pasal 34</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Keputusan ini mulai berlaku pada tanggal ditetapkan.</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Ditetapkan di Jakarta</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">pada tanggal 20 Desember 2000</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">MENTERI PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">TTD</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">YAHYA A. MUHAIMIN</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">SALINAN Keputusan ini disampaikan kepada:</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 1. Sekretaris Jenderal Departemen Pendidikan Nasional,</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 2. Inspektur Jenderal Departemen Pendidikan Nasional,</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 3. Kepala Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pendidikan Departemen</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Pendidikan Nasional,</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 4. Direktur Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi Departemen Pendidikan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Nasional,</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 5. Semua Rektor Universitas/Institut, Ketua Sekolah Tinggi, </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Direktur Politeknik/Akaderni, di lingkungan Departemen Pendidikan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Nasional,</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 6. Sekretaris Inspektorat Jenderal, Direktorat Jenderal, Badan </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pendidikan di lingkungan Departemen </div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Pendidikan Nasional,</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 7. Semua Kepala Biro, Direktur, Kepala Pusat, dan Inspektur dalam</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> lingkungan Departernen Pendidikan Nasional,</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 8. Semua Koordinator Koordinasi Perguruan Tinggi Swasta,</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><br style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px;" /></div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 9. Semua Gubernur Kepala Daerah Tingkat I,</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">10. Komisi VI DPR-RI,</div><div style="font-family: 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 16px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><img border="0" height="849" src="http://dikti.go.id/Archive2007/lamp234a.gif" tppabs="http://dikti.org/lamp234a.gif" width="718" /></span><img border="0" height="689" src="http://dikti.go.id/Archive2007/lamp234b.gif" tppabs="http://dikti.org/lamp234b.gif" width="721" /></div>che moutzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08198123137685616928noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472234877835187645.post-48835257807183288452011-09-30T05:25:00.000-07:002011-09-30T05:25:24.344-07:00<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dzSAzH73twBsfR-il52W7KwWt6D1aPypUrF6my8Sufm6wE83Ed9EayONneg8YlzpsKvJEN0JGQQp1HZVjD9_w' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>che moutzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08198123137685616928noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472234877835187645.post-86347582799806206472011-09-29T22:28:00.000-07:002011-09-29T22:28:27.763-07:00TATA TERTIB TOURING<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 24.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span>1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">PERATURAN PESERTA<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 24.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Datang On Time, peserta wajib dating 60 menit sebelum keberangkatan, untuk istirahat, persiapan dan briefing.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 24.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Wajib berboncengan, sebagai driver pengganti dikalau leleh.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: 24.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Wajib mengenal peserta yang lainnya<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 24.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span>2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">PERATURAN KELENGKAPAN BAGI PENGENDARA SEPEDA MOTOR<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 24.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Setiap pengendara wajib memiliki surat izin mengemudi (SIM C)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 24.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Setiap pengendara harus memeriksa kelengkapan pada setiap kendaraan sepeda motornya, yang meliputi :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 24.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kendaraan minimal kapasitas 110 cc<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 24.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kondisi kendaraan yang baik<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 24.5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">(maksimal 1 minggu sebelum pemberangkatan kendaraan sudah mendapatkan perawatan / Tune Up)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 24.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Spion Kiri dan Kanan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 24.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Ada lampu depan dan belakang<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 24.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Lampu rem dan lampu sein<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 24.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Ukuran tekanan ban harus sesuai<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 24.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Ban kendaraan yang masih layak pakai<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 24.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kenalpot ramah lingukngan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 24.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Plat nomor standart POLDA<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 24.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Setiap pengendara wajib mengenakan keselamatan tubuh, meliputi :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 24.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Helm Standart Nasional Indonesia (SNI)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 24.5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Lebih baik lagi helm Full Face<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 24.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Mengenakan sarung tangan<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 24.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Memakai celana panjang dan Jacket<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 24.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Mengenakan sepatu<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 24.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Memekai masker<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 24.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Membawa jas hujan/PONCO <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 24.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 108.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 24.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 24.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span>3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">PERATURAN LALU LINTAS SEPEDA MOTOR<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 24.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Setiap pengendara wajib mengikuti dan mentaati peraturan dan rambu-rambu lalu lintas<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 24.5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Seperti : lampu merah, marka jalan dll.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 24.5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">(bagi yang melanggar akan dikenakan sangksi denda sebesar Rp.10.000/pelanggaran)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 24.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Setiap pengendara tidak diperkenankan saling mendahului rombongan. Jarak minimal antar kendaraan 2 meter dan jarak maksimal 7 meter.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 24.5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">(bagi yang melanggar akan dikenakan sangksi denda sebesar Rp.10.000/pelanggaran)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 24.5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">bila ada yang tertinggal lebih dari 10 meter dan petugas Sweeper tidak mengetahui, harap brkordinasi dengan petugas sweeper.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 24.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Setiap pengendara diharuskan menyalakan lampu malam/senja walaupun pada saat rombongan berjalan di siang hari<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 24.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Konvoi di usahakan selalu d jalur kiri, dan saat menyalip di jalur kanan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 24.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kecepatan menyesuaikan dengan petugas.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 24.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Tidak turut mengatur perjalanan, kecuali petugas<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 24.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Harus mengetahui/ mengenal kendaraan teman yang ada di depan dan belakang masing-masing peserta.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 24.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Dilarang mengintimidasi pengendara lain (memukul, menendang, mendahului, dll)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 24.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Tidak menggunakan / membunyikan klakson secara berlebihan, kecuali emergency.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 24.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Memberikan salam penghormatan kepada petugas polisi atau pengendara lain dengan mengacungkan jempol atau membunyikan klakson 1 kali.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 24.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Setiap pengendara harus melihat aba-aba dari petugas yang telah ditentukan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 24.5pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">(bagi yang dalam perjalanan ada trable misalnya habis bahan bakar, buang air kecil dll) harap hubungi petugas jalan)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 24.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Setiap pengendara harus dalam keadaan 100% fit, sehat walafiat, sehat rohani dan jasmani.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 72.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 24.5pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span>ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Setiap pengendara DILARANG KERAS membawa<span> </span>senjata tajam dan NARKOBA<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span>PETUGAS PENANGGUNG JAWAB ROMBONGAN<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span>·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span>ROAD CAPTAIN<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span>·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span>SWEEPER<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span>·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span>BLOKER<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span>·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span>ANGGOTA <o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span>·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span>MEKANIK<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>FUNSI PETUGAS<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span>·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span>ROAD CAPTAIN<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>Funsi kerjanya adalah membawa satu rombongan dengan melihat satu jalur jalan dengan memberikan aba-aba / code yang telah ditentukan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span>·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span>SWEEPER<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>Fungsi kerjanya adalah memberikan arahan pada rombongan apabila terjadi suatu halangan di depan jalur jalan dan membuka jalur jalan, apabila di depan ada kemacetan untuk melancarkan perjalanan rombongan.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span>·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span>BLOKER<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>Fungsi kerjanya menutup bahu jalan apabila di depan ada suatu perempatan/pertigaan jalan yang mana rombongan tidak dapat dilalui kendaraan lain.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span>·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span>ANGGOTA<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>Fungsi kerja adalah mengikuti setiap arahan dari petugas dan tidak diperkenankan anggota menghalangi laju jalur petugas SWEEPER.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><br />
</div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span>·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span>Mekanik<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>Funsi tugasnya adalah memperbaiki kendaraan apabila di suatu rombongan mengalami kerusakan ringan / berat. Mekanik pun bertanggung jawab mengenai perlengkapan bengkel, seperti :<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><span>-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span>Kunci kunci perbaikan (pas, ring, sok dll)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><span>-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span>Perlengkapan tambal ban serta kompresor/pompa ban sederhana.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 54.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span><span>-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span>Membawa minimal 1 pics ban tiap-tiap ukuran kendaraan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>che moutzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08198123137685616928noreply@blogger.com0Jalan Arif Rahman Hakim, Subang, Indonesia-6.5541423 107.75773070000002-6.5562017999999993 107.75394620000003 -6.5520828 107.76151520000002tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472234877835187645.post-60119739394920653702011-09-29T04:37:00.001-07:002011-09-29T04:37:35.239-07:00PRINSIP-PRINSIP DASAR PERENCANAAN ELEMEN MESIN<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: 'Myriad Pro', 'Trebuchet MS', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"></span><br />
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Perencanaan eleven mesin, pada dasarnya merupakan perencanaan bagian (komponen), yang direncanakan dan dibuat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan mekanisme dari suatu mesin.</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Dalam tahap-tahap perencanaan tersebut, pertimbangan-pertimbangan yang perlu diperhatikan dalam memulai perencanaan eleven mesin meliputi :</div><ol style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Jenis-jenis pembebanan yang direncanakan</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Jenis-jenis tegangan yang ditimbulkan akibat pembebanan tsb.</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Pemilhan bahan</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Bentuk dan ukuran bagian mesin yang direncanakan</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Gerakan atau kinematika dari bagian-bagian yang akan direncanakan.</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Penggunaan komponen Standard</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Mencerminkan suatu rasa keindahan (aspek estética)</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Hukum dan ekonoomis</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Keamanan operasi</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Pemeliharaan dan perawatan</li>
</ol><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Dengan memperhatikan pertimbangan tersebut diatas, maka tahap-tahap perencanaan totalnya yaitu sbb :</div><ol style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; line-height: 19px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; list-style-type: decimal; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Menentukan kebutuhan</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Pemilihan mekanisme</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Beban mekanisme</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Pemilihan material</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Menentukan ukuran</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Modifikasi</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Gambar kerja</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Pembuatan dan kontrol koalitas</li>
</ol><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Yang dimaksud dengan tahap perencanaan tersebut diatas :</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1.Menentukan kebutuhan</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Menentukan kebutuhan dalam hal ini adalah kebutuhan akan bagian-bagian yang akan direncanakan, sesuai dengan fungsinya</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2. Pemilihan mekanisme</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Berdasarkan fungsinya dipilih mekanisme yang tepat dari bagian mesin tersebut. Misalnya untuk memindahkan putaran poros keporos yang digerakan dipilih roda gigi payung.</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">3. Beban mekanis</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Berdasarkan mekanisme yang telah ditentukan, beban-beban mekanis yang akan terjadi harus dihitung berdasarkan data yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan, sehingga didapat jenis-jenis pembebanan yang bekerja pada elemen tersebut.</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">4. Pemilihan bahan (material)</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Untuk mendapatkan bagian mesin yang sesuai dengan kekuatannya, dilakukan pemilihan bahan dengan kekuatan yang sesuai dengan kondisi beban serta tegangan yang terjadi. Misalnya kekuatan direncanakan harus lebih kecil dari kekuatan bahan yang ditentukan dengan faktor keamanan sesuai dengan kebutuhan.</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">5. Menentukan ukuran</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Bila terjadi kesesuaian pemakaian bahan dan perhitungan beban mekanis dapat dicari ukuran-ukuran elemen mesin yang direncanakan dengan standart yang ada dalam standarisasi.</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">6. Modifikasi</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Modifikasi bentuk diperlukan bila bagian mesin yang direncanakan telah pernah dibuat sebelumnya.</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">7. Gambar Kerja</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Setelah mendapatkan ukuran yang sesuai, ukuran untuk pengambaran kerja didapat, baik gambar detail maupun gambar assemblynya.</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">8. Pembuatan kontrol kualitas</div><div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Dengan gambar kerja dapat dibuat bagian-bagian mesin yang dibutuhkan, dengan mencatumkan persyaratan suaian, toleransi serta tanda pengerjaan, ini dimaksudkan untuk mendapatkan hasil pembuatan suaian dengan yang diinginkan. Dari penentuan suaian yang telah ditetapkan tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai pedoman kontrol kualitas yang disyaratkan</div>che moutzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08198123137685616928noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472234877835187645.post-20363939113413391532011-09-29T03:16:00.001-07:002011-09-29T03:16:33.195-07:00<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJDXzlukMz1ruGkhyy2Ws1BCZ8idtAbZZo5HrMjLagQvJb3LmsiR-UbUY4hZPyDgQ_tQUw3lheolIrIVQ3gDkddnbGLwVKimDBgp-205ckA0sKYVrZPZ_Ch312gM2VpTEMAPqr7ZDt12c/s1600/SOLIDAR.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJDXzlukMz1ruGkhyy2Ws1BCZ8idtAbZZo5HrMjLagQvJb3LmsiR-UbUY4hZPyDgQ_tQUw3lheolIrIVQ3gDkddnbGLwVKimDBgp-205ckA0sKYVrZPZ_Ch312gM2VpTEMAPqr7ZDt12c/s320/SOLIDAR.jpg" width="279" /></a></div>che moutzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08198123137685616928noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6472234877835187645.post-9673685726171601192011-08-26T18:55:00.001-07:002011-08-26T18:55:35.082-07:00<!--[if !mso]> <style>
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<div class="MsoNormal"><i>1. Tujuan Pembangunan Mikro Hidro</i><br />
<br />
Mikrohidro adalah istilah yang digunakan untuk instalasi pembangkit listrik yang mengunakan energi air. Kondisi air yang bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber daya (resources) penghasil listrik adalah memiliki kapasitas aliran dan ketinggian tertentu dan instalasi. Semakin besar kapasitas aliran maupun ketinggiannya dari istalasi maka semakin besar energi yang bisa dimanfaatkan untuk menghasilkan energi listrik.<br />
<br />
<span class="fullpost">Biasanya Mikrohidro dibangun berdasarkan kenyataan bahwa adanya air yang mengalir di suatu daerah dengan kapasitas dan ketinggian yang memadai. Istilah kapasitas mengacu kepada jumlah volume aliran air persatuan waktu (flow capacity) sedangan beda ketinggian daerah aliran sampai ke instalasi dikenal dengan istilah head. Mikrohidro juga dikenal sebagai white resources dengan terjemahan bebas bisa dikatakan "energi putih". Dikatakan demikian karena instalasi pembangkit listrik seperti ini menggunakan sumber daya yang telah disediakan oleh alam dan ramah lingkungan. Suatu kenyataan bahwa alam memiliki air terjun atau jenis lainnya yang menjadi tempat air mengalir. Dengan teknologi sekarang maka energi aliran air beserta energi perbedaan ketinggiannya dengan daerah tertentu (tempat instalasi akan dibangun) dapat diubah menjadi energi listrik,</span><br />
<br />
<span class="fullpost">Seperti dikatakan di atas, Mikrohidro hanyalah sebuah istilah. Mikro artinya kecil sedangkan hidro artinya air. Dalam prakteknya, istilah ini tidak merupakan sesuatu yang baku namun bisa dibayangkan bahwa Mikrohidro pasti mengunakan air sebagai sumber energinya. Yang membedakan antara istilah Mikrohidro dengan Miniihidro adalah output daya yang dihasilkan. Mikrohidro menghasilkan daya lebih rendah dari 100 W, sedangkan untuk minihidro daya keluarannya berkisar antara 100 sampai 5000 W. Secara teknis, Mikrohidro memiliki tiga komponen utama yaitu air (sumber energi), turbin dan generator. </span><br />
<br />
<span class="fullpost">Air yang mengalir dengan kapasitas dan ketinggian tertentu di salurkan menuju rumah instalasi (rumah turbin). Di rumah turbin, instalasi air tersebut akan menumbuk turbin, dalam hal ini turbin dipastikan akan menerima energi air tersebut dan mengubahnya menjadi energi mekanik berupa berputamya poros turbin. Poros yang berputar tersebut kemudian ditransmisikan/dihubungkan ke generator dengan mengunakan kopling. Dari generator akan dihasilkan energi listrik yang akan masuk ke sistem kontrol arus listrik sebelum dialirkan ke rumah-rumah atau keperluan lainnya (beban). Begitulah secara ringkas proses Mikrohidro, merubah energi aliran dan ketinggian air menjadi energi listrik. </span><br />
<br />
<span class="fullpost">Terdapat sebuah peningkatan kebutuhan suplai daya ke daerah-daerah pedesaan di sejumlah negara, sebagian untuk mendukung industri-industri, dan sebagian untuk menyediakan penerangan di malam hari. Kemampuan pemerintah yang terhalang oleh biaya yang tinggi dari perluasan jaringan listrik, sering membuat Mikro Hidro memberikan sebuah alternatif ekonomi ke dalam jaringan. Ini karena Skema Mikro Hidro yang mandiri, menghemat biaya dari jaringan transmisi dan karena skema perluasan jaringan sering memerlukan biaya peralatan dan pegawai yang mahal. Dalam kontrak, Skema Mikro Hidro dapat didisain dan dibangun oleh pegawai lokal dan organisasi yang lebih kecil dengan mengikuti peraturan yang lebih longgar dan menggunakan teknologi lokal seperti untuk pekerjaan irigasi tradisional atau mesin-mesin buatan lokal. Pendekatan ini dikenal sebagai Pendekatan Lokal. Gambar 1 menunjukkan betapa ada perbedaan yang berarti antara biaya pembuatan dengan listrik yang dihasilkan.</span><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqa5VxHR_Z3tASlpWCNLyZDw_HVUeBlS0KbM1sJaRp8Ocfar47NyT3VaO3FSWwRQZ66dWS9ej-X8i5MGeAQSTcwkKbIeLxRguXs322EI231VOKwZkgJcFy_z33uhgmbjLh8bJpBez8Krg/s1600-h/statistik.png"><span style="color: blue; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img alt="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqa5VxHR_Z3tASlpWCNLyZDw_HVUeBlS0KbM1sJaRp8Ocfar47NyT3VaO3FSWwRQZ66dWS9ej-X8i5MGeAQSTcwkKbIeLxRguXs322EI231VOKwZkgJcFy_z33uhgmbjLh8bJpBez8Krg/s320/statistik.png" border="0" height="184" src="file:///C:/Users/komeng/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.gif" width="320" /></span></span></a><br />
<span class="fullpost">Gambar 1. Skala Ekonomi dari Mikro-Hidro (berdasarkan data tahun 1985)</span><br />
<br />
<span class="fullpost">Keterangan gambar 1</span><br />
<span class="fullpost">Average cost for conventional hydro = Biaya rata-rata untuk hidro konvensional.</span><br />
<span class="fullpost">Band for micro hydro = Kisaran untuk mikro-hidro</span><br />
<span class="fullpost">Capital cost = Modal</span><br />
<span class="fullpost">Capacity = Kapasitas (kW)</span><br />
<br />
<span class="fullpost"><b>2. Komponen-Komponen Pembangkit Listrik Mikro Hidro</b></span><br />
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</style> <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="2050"/> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:shapelayout v:ext="edit"> <o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1"/> </o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--> <div class="Section1"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">7. MEKANIK</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="height: 17px; left: -8px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: relative; top: 15px; width: 590px; z-index: 1;"><img height="2" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="590" /></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" /> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">7.1 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Struktur Fundamental dari Peralatan untuk Pembangkit Listrik</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Peralatan dan fasilitas-fasilitas fundamental secara singkat ditunjukkan dibawah dan detail-detail dari setiap jenis peralatan dan fasilitas-fasilitas dijelaskan dalam setiap bagian setelah bagian 7.2. Bagaimanapun, ringkasan dari peralatan pembangkit listrik tenaga mikro hidro untuk pelistrikan pedesaan ditunjukkan setelah ini untuk kemudahan dan kecepatan referensi. Orang yang ingin belajar lebih mendetil akan melanjutkan bagian berikut dari 7.2.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Ringkasan dari mesin pembangkit listrik tenaga mikro hidro untuk pelistrikan pedesaan di Indonesia</span></b></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo3; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: list 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.</span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> Kondisi Mendasar</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: list 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: list 9.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kondisi-kondisi berikut dibutuhkan dan penting untuk pelistrikan pedesaan di Indonesia</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo3; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Operasi yang stabil untuk jangka lama</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo3; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pengoperasian yang mudah oleh operator atau penduduk desa dengan ketrampilan terbatas</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo3; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Mesin buatan lokal di Indonesia untuk memudahkan perawatan ke depan dan perbaikan (kecuali komponen yang kecil)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo3; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Biya peralatan lebih murah termasuk pemasangan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo3; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Garansi mesin mudah dan secara keteknikan dapat diterima dengan data test dan rekaman suplai yang dapat dipercaya</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo3; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: list 9.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.</span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> Rekomendasi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Berdasarkan pada kondisi-kondisi diatas dan hasil survei pada pengembangan pembangkit listrik tenaga mikro hidro untuk pelistrikan pedesaan di Indonesia, hanya dua jenis mesin pembangkit listrik yang direkomendasikan untuk digunakan pada saat ini di Indonesia.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo3; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Generator synchronous dengan turbin tipe Cross flow dengan dummy load dan kontrolnya (ELC)</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level2 lfo3; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Generator asynchronous (motor induksi dengan kapasitor) dengan turbin tipe Reverse pump dengan dummy load dan kontrolnya (IGC)</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 81.0pt; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -81.0pt;"><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tabel 7.1 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Peralatan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikro Hidro yang Direkomendasikan</span></b></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 8.25pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 8.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.35pt;" width="128"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Deskripsi</span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 8.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.55pt;" valign="top" width="41"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 8.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 147.4pt;" width="197"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Generator Synchronous dengan turbin tipe Cross flow</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 8.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 152.25pt;" width="203"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Generator Asynchronous dengan turbin tipe Reverse Pump (PAT)</span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 12.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.35pt;" valign="top" width="128"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in; text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Keuntungan & Kerugian</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.55pt;" valign="top" width="41"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 147.4pt;" valign="top" width="197"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 152.25pt;" valign="top" width="203"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 15.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.35pt;" width="128"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Keuntungan</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.55pt;" valign="top" width="41"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 147.4pt;" valign="top" width="197"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 11.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Sumber tenaga sangat dapat dipercaya dengan frekuensi & tegangan yang stabil untuk jaringan mandiri</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 11.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Mesin dapat didisain dan dibuat<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>sesuai untuk<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>berbagai kondisi nyata lokasi </span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 152.25pt;" valign="top" width="203"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 9.2pt .5in list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.7pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Biaya lebih rendah jika sebuah pompa dengan motor yang sesuai dengan disain lokasi ditemukan</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 6.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.35pt;" width="128"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Kerugian</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.55pt;" valign="top" width="41"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 147.4pt;" valign="top" width="197"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 11.7pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Biaya sedikit lebih mahal daripada PAT</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 152.25pt;" valign="top" width="203"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 9.2pt .5in list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.7pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Sulit untuk memilih pompa yang sesuai dengan motor di pasar</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 9.2pt .5in list .75in; text-indent: 0in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Tanpa kontrol voltase</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 9.2pt .5in list .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.7pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Masa pakai kapasitor untuk sistem ini pendek</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 6.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.35pt;" valign="top" width="128"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Aspek Keteknikan</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.55pt;" valign="top" width="41"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 147.4pt;" valign="top" width="197"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 152.25pt;" valign="top" width="203"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 6.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.35pt;" width="128"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Head efektif</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.55pt;" width="41"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">H<sub>n</sub></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 147.4pt;" width="197"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">4 – 50 m</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 152.25pt;" width="203"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">4 – 20 m</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 6.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.35pt;" width="128"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Debit air</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.55pt;" width="41"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Q</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 147.4pt;" valign="top" width="197"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">0.2 – 0.7 m<sup>3</sup>/s ( Debit sedikit bervariasi)</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 152.25pt;" valign="top" width="203"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">0.01 – 0.04 m<sup>3</sup>/s ( debit harus dijaga selalu konstan)</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 6.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.35pt;" width="128"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Output turbin pada batang turbin</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.55pt;" width="41"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">P<sub>t</sub></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 147.4pt;" valign="top" width="197"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">5 – 60 kW</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">P<sub>t</sub> = 0.98 x H<sub>n</sub> x Q x </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">h</span></span><sub><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">t</span></sub><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">h</span></span><sub><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">t </span></sub><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">= 0.7)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 152.25pt;" valign="top" width="203"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">2 – 5 kW</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">P<sub>t</sub> = 0.98 x H<sub>n</sub> x Q x </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">h</span></span><sub><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">p</span></sub><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">h</span></span><sub><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">p </span></sub><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">=<sub> </sub></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">h</span></span><sub><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">t </span></sub><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">= 0.65)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Efisiensi sebagai pompa (</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">h</span></span><sub><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">p</span></sub><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">) adalah terlalu bervariasi karena perubahan dari debit, pompa dengan motor induksi yang kesamaan headnya mendekati dan kesamaan debit harus di pilih</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 6.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.35pt;" width="128"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Transmisi tenaga</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.55pt;" valign="top" width="41"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 147.4pt;" width="197"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Belt coupling untuk kecepatan sesuai antara turbin dan generator</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">h</span></span><sub><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">m</span></sub><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> : Efisiensi transmitter</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 152.25pt;" valign="top" width="203"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Langsung digabung tanpa transmitter</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 6.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.35pt;" valign="top" width="128"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Dummy load tipe governor</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.55pt;" valign="top" width="41"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 147.4pt;" width="197"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Kontrol ELC dengan thyristor</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 152.25pt;" width="203"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Kontrol IGC dengan transistor</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 6.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.35pt;" width="128"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Output generator pada terminal generator</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.55pt;" width="41"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">P<sub>g</sub></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 147.4pt;" valign="top" width="197"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">4 – 60 kW</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">P<sub>g</sub> = P<sub>t</sub> x </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">h</span></span><sub><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">g</span></sub><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> x </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">h</span></span><sub><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">m</span></sub><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">h</span></span><sub><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">g</span></sub><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> = 0.88, </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">h</span></span><sub><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">m</span></sub><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> = 0.97)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">(digabung dengan transmitter)</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 152.25pt;" valign="top" width="203"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">1.5 – 5 kW</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">P<sub>g</sub> = P<sub>t</sub> x </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">h</span></span><sub><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">g</span></sub><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">h</span></span><sub><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">g</span></sub><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> = 0.75)</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 6.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 11;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.35pt;" width="128"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Nilai output generator (kVA) yang digunakan</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.55pt;" width="41"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">P<sub>kVA</sub></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 147.4pt;" valign="top" width="197"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">P<sub>kVA</sub> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> P<sub>g</sub>/0.8 (PF = 0.8)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Generator dengan nilai output lebih daripada P<sub>g</sub>/0.8 harus dipilih</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 152.25pt;" valign="top" width="203"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Motor induksi yang sebenarnya digabung dengan pompa akan digunakan sebagai generator induksi dengan menambah kapasitor secara terpisah</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 6.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 12;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.35pt;" width="128"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Kecepatan putaran</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.55pt;" valign="top" width="41"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 147.4pt;" valign="top" width="197"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">1500 rpm</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 152.25pt;" valign="top" width="203"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">1500 (dengan 2-3% slip) rpm karena kecepatan motor induksi terhadap pompa</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 6.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 13;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.35pt;" width="128"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Voltase</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.55pt;" valign="top" width="41"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 147.4pt;" valign="top" width="197"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">380/220 V, sambungan star</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Stabil dengan AVR pada generator</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 152.25pt;" valign="top" width="203"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">380/220 V, sambungan star, Kontrol voltase tidak dapat dibuat tanpa AVR</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 6.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 14;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.35pt;" width="128"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Frekuensi</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.55pt;" valign="top" width="41"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 147.4pt;" valign="top" width="197"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">50 Hz, stabil</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 152.25pt;" valign="top" width="203"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">51 – 51.5 Hz<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tidak terlalu stabil</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 6.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 15;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.35pt;" width="128"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Dummy</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.55pt;" width="41"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">P<sub>d</sub></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 147.4pt;" valign="top" width="197"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Pemanas udara (P<sub>d</sub> = P<sub>g </sub>x SF), </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">SF = 1.3</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 152.25pt;" valign="top" width="203"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Pemanas udara (PD = P<sub>g</sub> x SF), SF = 1.3</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 6.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 16; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.35pt;" width="128"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Inlet valve</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 30.55pt;" valign="top" width="41"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 147.4pt;" width="197"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Butterfly valve (Kadang-kadang tidak dipakai untuk menghemat biaya, tetapi lebih baik dipakai untuk menutup rapat turbin</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 6.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 152.25pt;" valign="top" width="203"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Sama dengan bagian kiri, tetapi diabaikan dalam kasus kapasitas kecil</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Catatan:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">h</span></span><sub><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">t</span></sub><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">, </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">h</span></span><sub><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">m</span></sub><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">, </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">h</span></span><sub><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">g</span></sub><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> dan SF ditetapkan hanya untuk pengecekan secara singkat. Pada kasus detail desain, direkomendasikan untuk mengecek efisiensi dari setiap mesin dan fasilitas.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 0in .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Peralatan dan fasilitas berikut dibutuhkan sebagai struktur dasar untuk pembangkit listrik, secara mendetail ditunjukkan dalam Tabel 7.2:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 2.2pt; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 27.0pt 191.4pt 456.75pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><u>Fasilitas & Peralatan</u><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><u>Fungsi & Tujuan</u></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .25in; margin-right: 2.2pt; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 27.0pt 191.4pt 456.75pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 2.25in; margin-right: 2.2pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: list 9.0pt left 42.55pt 456.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -2.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Valve inlet:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Untuk mengontrol stop atau suplai air ke turbin dari penstok.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 2.25in; margin-right: 2.2pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: list 9.0pt left 42.55pt 456.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -2.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Turbine air:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Untuk merubah energi air ke tenaga putaran.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 2.25in; margin-right: 2.2pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: list 9.0pt 42.55pt left 178.5pt 456.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -2.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Governor turbin:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Untuk mengontrol kecepatan output turbin.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 2.25in; margin-right: 2.2pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: list 9.0pt 42.55pt left 178.5pt 456.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -2.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Fasilitas transmisi tenaga:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Untuk memindahkan tenaga putaran dari turbin ke generator.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 2.25in; margin-right: 2.2pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: list 9.0pt 42.55pt left 178.5pt 456.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -2.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Generator:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Untuk membangkitkan energi listrik dari turbin atau transmiternya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 2.25in; margin-right: 2.2pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: list 9.0pt 42.55pt left 178.5pt 456.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -2.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Panel control dan pengaman:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Untuk mengontrol dan melindungi fasilitas diatas supaya beroperasi dengan aman.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 2.25in; margin-right: 2.2pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: list 9.0pt 42.55pt left 178.5pt 210.0pt 456.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -2.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Switchgear (dengan trafo):<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Untuk mengontrol on/off dari jalannya tenaga listrik dan menaikkan tegangan di jalur transmisi (jika diperlukan).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 2.2pt; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 178.5pt 210.0pt 456.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -45.0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 2.2pt; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 178.5pt 210.0pt 456.75pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -45.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Catatan: Hal-hal diatas 3, 6 & 7 kadang-kadang dapat dikombinasikan dalam satu panel sebagai sebuah peralatan terpadu dari pembangkit listrik mikro.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: -1.5pt; margin-top: 6.0pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt; text-indent: -.75in;"><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tabel 7.2<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Komposisi dari Peralatan Dasar untuk Stasiun Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air</span></b></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 22.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border-bottom: double windowtext 1.5pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt; width: 117.0pt;" width="156"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 2.15pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Peralatan</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt; width: 135.0pt;" width="180"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 2.2pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tipe</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt; width: 2.0in;" width="192"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -4.85pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Metode Kontrol</span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt; width: 117.0pt;" width="156"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 2.15pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Inlet valve</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt; width: 135.0pt;" valign="top" width="180"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 2.2pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Butterfly valve</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -4.9pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Bi-plane butterfly valve</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 2.2pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sluice valve</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 2.2pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Needle valve </span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt; width: 2.0in;" valign="top" width="192"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -4.85pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tipe dioperasikan tangan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -4.85pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tipe dioperasikan motor</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -4.85pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tipe counter weight </span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt; width: 117.0pt;" width="156"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 2.15pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Turbin</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt; width: 135.0pt;" valign="top" width="180"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 2.2pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Crossflow</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 2.2pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Reverse Pump</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 2.2pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">H-shaft Pelton</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 2.2pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Turgo-Pelton</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 2.2pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Propeller </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 2.2pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">H-shaft Francis</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 2.2pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tubular</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt; width: 2.0in;" valign="top" width="192"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -4.85pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tipe dummy load </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -4.85pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tipe tekanan oli </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -4.85pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tipe dioperasikan motor</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -4.85pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tipe dioperasikan manual</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -4.85pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tipe tanpa dikontrol</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt; width: 117.0pt;" width="156"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 2.15pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Fasilitas transmisi tenaga (Speed increaser)</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt; width: 135.0pt;" valign="top" width="180"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 2.2pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kopling tetap</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 2.2pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kopling fleksibel</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 2.2pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Belt coupling</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 2.2pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Gear coupling</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt; width: 2.0in;" valign="top" width="192"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -4.85pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><br />
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<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt; width: 117.0pt;" width="156"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 2.15pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Generator</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt; width: 135.0pt;" valign="top" width="180"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 2.2pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Synchronous</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 2.2pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Induction</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 2.2pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Self-excitation Induction</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt; width: 2.0in;" valign="top" width="192"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -4.85pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Manual</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -4.85pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">AVR</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -4.85pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">APFR</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt; width: 117.0pt;" width="156"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 2.15pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Panel kontrol & pengaman</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt; width: 135.0pt;" valign="top" width="180"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 2.2pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Wall mounted</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 2.2pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Self stand open type</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 2.2pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Self stand sealed type</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt; width: 2.0in;" valign="top" width="192"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -4.85pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Control switches,</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -4.85pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Main switches</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -4.85pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">IC panels</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -4.85pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Relays</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt; width: 117.0pt;" width="156"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 2.15pt; tab-stops: 9.25pt 456.75pt;"><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Trafo</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt; width: 135.0pt;" valign="top" width="180"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: 2.2pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Oil immersed, self cooling, single or 3-phase, trafo tiang</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt; width: 2.0in;" valign="top" width="192"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -4.85pt; tab-stops: 456.75pt;"><br />
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</div><br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" /> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Gambar 7.1 (a) Penggunaan Crossflow dan PAT pada Turbin</span></b><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"> </span></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Gambar 7.1 (b) Batas penggunaan PAT pada Batang Turbin (Indonesia saat ini)</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">7.2 Turbin (Turbin Air)</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Turbin air berperan untuk mengubah energi air (energi potensial, tekanan dan energi kinetic) menjadi energi mekanik dalam bentuk putaran poros. Putaran poros turbin ini akan diubah oleh generator menjadi tenaga listrik. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">7.2.1 Tipe dan Output Turbin Air</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Berdasarkan prinsip kerjanya, turbin air dibagi menjadi dua kelompok</span></b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Turbin impuls </span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jenis turbin ini, runner berputar karena adanya pukulan dari pancaran air yang memiliki kecepatan, dimana tekanan telah dikumpulkan dari tekanan ketinggian pada saat pemancaran dari nozzle.Untuk jenis ini, tekanan pada setiap sisi sudu geraknya/runnernya –“bagian turbin yang berputar”- sama.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Termasuk dalam turbin jenis ini adalah:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Turbin Crossflow</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Turbin Pelton</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Turbin Turgo</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Turbin reaksi </span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jenis turbin ini, runner berputar karena adanya tekanan dari aliran air.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Termasuk dalam turbin jenis reaksi adalah:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Turbin Francis</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Turbin Propeller</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yang termasuk jenis turbin propeller :</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Turbin Kaplan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Diagonal Mixed Flow</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Turbin Tubular</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Turbin Straight Flow (Tipe Package)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Berdasarkan pada penyusunan batang, turbin diklasifikasikan ke dalam dua tipe yaitu:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Batang Horisontal (H-shaft)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Batang Vertikal (V-shaft)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Mengacu pada output yang dibutuhkan, head efektif dan aliran air (debit air) yang ada, jenis-jenis turbin berikut mungkin dapat digunakan untuk pembangkit listrik tenaga air skala mikro atau kecil untuk pelistrikan pedesaan.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">(1) Turbin Horizontal Pelton </span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">(2) Turbin Horizontal Francis </span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">(3) Turbin Crossflow </span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 171.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">(4) Turbin Tubular:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>- Turbin tubular S-type </span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 171.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>- Turbin tubular vertical </span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 171.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>- Turbin Runner rotor integrated </span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 171.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>- Turbin propeller vertical </span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 171.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>- Turbin propeller horizontal </span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">(5) Turbin Turgo impulse <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 171.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">(6) Turbin Reverse pump: - Tipe propeller vertical </span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 171.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>- Tipe propeller horizontal </span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent3" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 171.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>- Tipe Submerged pump </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sedangakn berdasarkan daerah operasinya, turbin air dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">- Turbin air untuk High-head</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">- Turbin air untuk Medium-head</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">- Turbin air untuk Low-head</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: 0in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Output dari turbin dapat dihitung dengan rumus berikut:</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 52.5pt; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">P<sub>max</sub><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>=<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>9.8<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>x<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>x<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Q<sub>max</sub> x<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">h</span></span></b><b><sub><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">t</span></sub></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>P<sub>max</sub> :<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>output maksimum (kW)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>He :<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>head efektif (m)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>Q<sub>max</sub> :<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>debit maksimum (m<sup>3</sup>/s)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">h</span></span><sub><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">t</span></sub><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> :<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>efisiensi maksimum turbin (%) Silahkan merefer Bab 6.2.2</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Keterangan singkat tentang kerakteristik, penjelasan dan gambar dari setiap jenis ditunjukan dalam Tabel 7.3. Kisaran penggunaan dari setiap tipe turbin ditunjukan dalam Gambar 7.2.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">7.2.2 Pemilihan Jenis Turbin</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pemilihan sebuah turbin air yang baik tergantung pada:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo21; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Head yang tersedia</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo21; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Debit air yang tersedia</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tabel 7.3 Pengelompokan Turbin Impuls dan Turbin Reaksi</span></b></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 15.75pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" width="144"> <div class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Runner Turbin</span></b></div></td> <td colspan="3" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 4.5in;" width="432"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Head</span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 15.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" width="144"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">High</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" width="144"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Medium</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" width="144"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Low</span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 15.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" width="144"> <div class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Impuls</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Single Pelton</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Multi-jet Pelton</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Crossflow</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Multi-jet Pelton</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Crossflow</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 15.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" width="144"> <div class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Reaksi</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Francis</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pump-as turbin</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Propeller</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Mengacu pada tabel dan gambar tersebut, konsumen dapat memilih jenis turbin, mana yang paling sesuai untuk kondisi yang nyata dari lokasi termasuk total biaya dari pekerjaan sipil dan peralatan. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pada saat ini, bagaimanapun, adalah dianjurkan untuk menggunakan “Turbin Crossflow”, dimana disain dan pembuatannya di Indonesia, karena disain kelayakan dari “Turbin Crossflow” dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan data model tes yang ada dan biaya perbandingannya rendah.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;"><img align="left" height="781" hspace="12" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.jpg" width="567" /><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Gambar 7.2 Jenis Penggunaan (Seleksi) Turbin</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pompa terbalik dapat juga digunakan sebagai turbin pompa terbalik dengan membalik arah putaran, jika karakteristik dari pompa air, yang tersedia di pasar, dicocokkan dengan secara teliti ke turbin yang dibutuhkan dari kondisi lokasi (head, debit, output, efisiensi, kecepatan rotasi dll.).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Bagaimanapun, sebagaimana kondisi lokasi dari setiap pembangkit listrik yang tidak selalu sama dan kecocokan dari karakteristik pompa dengan pengajuan turbin adalah sulit, pemilihan dari standar pompa untuk turbin akan dibuat secara sangat hati-hati. Pada kasus karakteristik sesuai dengan baik antara pompa dan turbin, penggunaan pompa terbalik dianjurkan dan biaya seperti mesin akan menjadi lebih murah.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pada masa mendatang jenis-jenis turbin lain yang akan dipilih menjadi lebih luas karena jenis-jenis turbin lain juga dapat dibuat dengan disain kelayakan dan kemampuan pabrikasi di Indonesia dalam waktu dekat.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;"><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">7.2.3 Kecepatan Spesifik dan Kecepatan Putaran dari Turbin</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kecepatan yang spesifik adalah perbandingan antara kecepatan putaran dari dua runner secara geometrik sama satu dengan lainnya, dimana diambil dari kondisi hukum persamaan, dan kecepatan spesifik dari runner yang mirip dalam sebuah grup dengan kecepatan putaran diperoleh ketika satu runner memiliki head efektif H = 1 m dan output P = 1 kW.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Adalah dapat dimengerti bahwa kecepatan spesifik adalah sebuah nilai numerik sebagai gambaran dari klasifikasi runner dihubungkan dengan tiga faktor yaitu head efektif, output turbin dan kecepatan putaran sebagai berikut:</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 155.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -113.4pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 155.95pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -113.4pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ns = (N x P<sup>1/2</sup>)/ H<sup>5/4</sup><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>N = (Ns x H<sup>5/4 </sup>)/ P<sup>1/2</sup></span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; tab-stops: 92.15pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dimana,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 120.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 92.15pt; text-indent: -102.5pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Ns; Kecepatan spesifik <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(m-kw)</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 92.15pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">N;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kecepatan putaran turbin <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(rpm)</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 92.15pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">P;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Output turbin <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(kW) = 9.8 x Q x H x </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">h</span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 92.15pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">H;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Head efektif <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(m)</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 92.15pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Q;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Debit <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(m<sup>3</sup>/s)</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">h</span></span><sub><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></sub><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Efisiensi maksimum (%, tetapi sebuah desimal digunakan dalam perhitungan)</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">h</span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> = <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>82 % untuk Turbin Pelton </span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">h</span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> = <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>84 % untuk Turbin Francis </span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">h</span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> = <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>77 % untuk Turbin Crossflow *</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;">h</span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> = <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>84 % untuk Turbin Tubular S-type </span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 45.0pt 92.15pt 276.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -45.0pt;"><u><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Catatan:</span></u><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> * 70% harus digunakan untuk setiap tipe dari turbin tipe Crossflow di <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Indonesia pada tahap sekarang karena efisiensi dari turbin di Indonesia sekarang tidak terlalu tinggi akibat kualitas fabrikasi.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 45.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 45.0pt 92.15pt 276.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -45.0pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kecepatan spesifik dari setiap turbin adalah dikhususkan dan dikisarkan menurut konstruksi dari setiap tipe dengan berdasarkan pada percobaan dan contoh-contoh pembuktian nyata.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Batasan dari kecepatan spesifik turbin (Ns-max) dapat diperiksa dengan rumus berikut.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 2.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Turbin Pelton:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Ns-max </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">≤</span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> 85.49H<sup>-0.243</sup></span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 2.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Turbin Crossflow:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Ns-max </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">≤</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">650H<sup>-0.5</sup></span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 2.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Turbin Francis:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Ns-max </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">≤</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">(20000/(H+20))+30</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 2.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Turbin Francis Horisontal:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Ns-max </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">≤</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">3200H<sup>-2/3</sup></span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 2.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Turbin Propeller:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Ns-max </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">≤</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">(20000/(H+20))+50</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 27.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 2.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Turbin Tubular:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Ns-max </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-ansi-language: IN;">≤</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">(20000/(H+16))</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 92.15pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Catatan:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>H: Efektif Head</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 92.15pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kisaran dari kecepatan spesifik turbin juga terlihat dalam Gambar 7.3</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"> </span></div><table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
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</div><br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" /> <div class="MsoBodyTextIndent2" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 78.0pt 120.5pt; text-indent: 28.35pt;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Gambar 7.3 Kisaran dari Kecepatan Spesifik dengan Tipe Turbin</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></div><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span></b> <div class="Section2"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tabel 7.4<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jenis dan Karakteristik untuk setiap Tipe Turbin Air</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></b></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: -17.1pt; width: 930px;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 8.0pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: double windowtext 1.5pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 8.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" width="96"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jenis</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 8.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" width="138"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Penampakan umum</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 8.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" width="126"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Garis Besar</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 8.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" width="78"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kapasitas</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 8.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" width="96"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Head & Debit</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 8.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" width="108"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Beban Parsial</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 8.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" width="84"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Variasi Head</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 8.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" width="108"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Perawatan</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 8.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" width="96"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Harga</span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 52.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td rowspan="7" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 52.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-rotate: 90; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .25in;" valign="top" width="24"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.65pt; margin-right: 5.65pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">TURBIN<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>REAKSI</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 52.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Francis batang horisontal</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 52.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"> <div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="70" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image010.jpg" width="129" /></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 52.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Aliran air kedalam pusat runner dan melingkar dab memutar runner dengan tekanan air dan keluaran air ke tailrace melalui draft tube</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 52.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">200-sekitar 5000kW<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tetapi turbin mikro (1kW) mungkin dirancang dan dibuat</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 52.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Head: 15-300 m</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Debit: 0.4-20m<sup>3</sup>/s tapi mikro turbin (head 4m, debit: 0.01m<sup>3</sup>/s) juga dibuat</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 52.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Efisiensi maks tinggi tapi jika drop menjadi lebih besar pada outputrendah</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 52.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Efisiensi terjaga baik melawan drop dari head efektif (karakteristik bagus)</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 52.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Konstruksi sangat sederhana. Perawatan mudah</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 52.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Biaya menengah .</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Konstruksi sederhana tapi biaya sipil seperti draft tube menjadi lebih tinggi</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 42.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 42.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tubular S-tipe</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">(Propeller batang horisontal)</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 42.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"> <div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="66" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image012.jpg" width="137" /></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 42.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Aliran air kedalam runner pada arah yang sama dari batang dan putaran runner oleh tekanan air dan keluaran air ke tailrace melalui Draft tube bentuk S </span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 42.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">50 - sekitar 5000kW</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 42.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Head: 3 – 18 m</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Debit: 1.5 – 40 m<sup>3</sup>/s</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Cocok untuk head rendah dan debit besar</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 42.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Runner vane dapat bergerak: 10-100% Runner vane tetap : 80- 100%</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 42.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">ditto</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 42.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Perwatan tidak mudah karena mekanisme rumit dari operasi runner vane</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 42.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Biaya tinggi</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 47.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 47.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tipe pompa submerged</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">(Propeller batang vertikal)</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 47.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"> <div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="70" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image014.jpg" width="142" /></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 47.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Digunakan untuk membalik sebuah pompa standar</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 47.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">30 – sekitar 850kW</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 47.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Head: 2.5-20m</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Debit: 0.6-12m<sup>3</sup>/s</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 47.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Efisiensi maks. Tdak tinggi. Efisiensi drop menjadikan output rendah makin besar</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 47.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Efisiensi dijaga baik utk menahan penurunan head bersih (karakteristik bagus)</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 47.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Perawatan mudah karena fasilitas penyokong lebih sedikit ( karakteristik lebih buruk)</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 47.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Biaya rendah</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk membuat lebih lengkap dan stndarisasi</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 47.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;"> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 47.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pompa reversible</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">(Batang horisontal)</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 47.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"> <div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="66" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image016.jpg" width="133" /></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 47.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Digunakan untuk membalik sebuah pompa standar</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 47.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">1 – sekitar 1000kW</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 47.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Head: 1.5-30m</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Debit: 0.5-5m<sup>3</sup>/s</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 47.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tanpa guide vane, debit hrs dijaga Efisiensi maks rendah (lebih dari kecil<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>80%)</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 47.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">ditto</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 47.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Cavitasi besar danperbaikan runner vane dibutuhkan. Masa pakai bearing dan seal batang pendek.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 47.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Biaya sangat rendah karena pompa di pasar dapat digunakan</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 51.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;"> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 51.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pompa reversible</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Batang vertikal)</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 51.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"> <div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="71" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image018.jpg" width="135" /></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 51.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Digunakan untuk membalik sebuah pompa standar</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 51.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">50 – sekitar 5000kw</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 51.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Head: 1.5 – 30 m</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Debit 0.5 – 5 m<sup>3</sup>/s</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 51.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Debit dijaga konstan krn tanpa guide vane</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Efisiensi maks. Rendah (lebih kecil dari 80%)</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 51.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">ditto</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 51.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Cavitasi besar danperbaikan runner vane dibutuhkan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Masa pakai bearing dan seal batang pendek.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 51.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Biaya sangat rendah karena dapat menggunakan pompa yang ada di pasar</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 58.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;"> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 58.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tipe batang vertikal aliran terbuka</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 58.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"> <div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="72" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.jpg" width="123" /></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 58.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk menghilangkan casing dari turbin Francis atau propeller</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 58.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">0.8 – sekitar 30Kw</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 58.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Head: 0.8 – 30 m</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Debit: 0.5 – 5 m<sup>3</sup>/s</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 58.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Efisiensi drop krn tanpa casing. Konstruksi sederhana tanpa mekanisme kontrol debit</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 58.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sama seperti asli seperti turbin francis atau propeller</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 58.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Cavitasi terjadi dan perbaikan runner vane tdk dibutuhkan krn head rendah</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 58.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Biaya rendah</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Biaya sipil dapat dihemat karena saluran pembuang tidak dibutuhkan</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 53.65pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 53.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tipe runner rotor integrated</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 53.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"> <div class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="72" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image022.jpg" width="144" /></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 53.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span style="height: 12px; margin-left: 17px; margin-top: 126px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 60px; z-index: 6;"><img height="12" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image023.gif" width="60" /></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk mengalirkan air ke dalam tipe propeller turbin dipasang di dalam rotor generator</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 53.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">0.8 – sekitar 30kW</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 53.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Head: 3-20 m</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Debit: 0.5 – 4 m<sup>3</sup>/s</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 53.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Variasi debit dpt diatur dengan<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>hanya sejumlah unit krn ada guide vane atau runner vane</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 53.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 53.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Secara comparatif bagus krn konstruksi sederhana tanpa mekanisme yang rumi</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 53.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.0in;" valign="top" width="96"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Biaya tinggi tetapi konstruksi rumah pembangkit lengkap</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tabel 7.5<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jenis dan Karakteristik untuk setiap Tipe Turbin Air</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></b></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: -8.1pt; width: 905px;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: .25in; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td colspan="2" style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: .25in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" width="102"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jenis</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: .25in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.5pt;" width="162"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Penampakan umum</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: .25in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" width="144"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Garis Besar</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: .25in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" width="78"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kapasitas</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: .25in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" width="84"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Head & Debit</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: .25in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.05pt;" width="71"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Beban <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Parsial</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: .25in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.95pt;" width="73"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Variasi Head</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: .25in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" width="90"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Perawatan</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: double windowtext 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: .25in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 75.7pt;" width="101"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Harga</span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 95.8pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; page-break-inside: avoid;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 95.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-rotate: 90; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 22.5pt;" valign="top" width="30"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.65pt; margin-right: 5.65pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">TURBIN REAKSI</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 95.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Turbular batang vertikal</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 95.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.5pt;" valign="top" width="162"> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="116" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image025.jpg" width="143" /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 95.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Salah satu tipe turbin propeller tetapi tanpa disiapkan casing spiral. Oleh karena itu, aliran air langsung ke casing</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 95.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">100 – sekitar 2.000 kW</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 95.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Head: 5 – 18 m</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Debit 2 – 18 m<sup>3</sup>/s</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 95.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.05pt;" valign="top" width="71"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Bilah yang<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dapat dilepas disiapkan tetapi operasi yang ada 60-100%</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 95.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.95pt;" valign="top" width="73"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Secara komparatif sesuai karena bilah dapat dilepas</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 95.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Secara komparatif sederhana tetapi sejumlah perawatan dibutuhkan karena bilah dapat dilepas</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 95.8pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt: double windowtext 1.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 75.7pt;" valign="top" width="101"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Secar komparatif murah karena sederhana disainnya dan dapat digunakan pada bentuk turbin propeller</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 92.1pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td rowspan="3" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 92.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-rotate: 90; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 22.5pt;" valign="top" width="30"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.65pt; margin-right: 5.65pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">TURBIN<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>IMPULSE</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 5.65pt; margin-right: 5.65pt; margin-top: 0in;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 92.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pelton batang horisontal</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 92.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.5pt;" valign="top" width="162"> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="96" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image027.jpg" width="141" /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 92.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Semburan air dari nozzle menghantam bagian belakang runner.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Debit dikontrol oleh jarum valve dari nozzle</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 92.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">100 – sekitar 5.000 kW tetapi turbin kecil (1kW) dapat dirancang dan dibuat</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 92.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Head: 70 – 400 m</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Debit: 0.2 – 3 m<sup>3</sup>/s</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 92.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.05pt;" valign="top" width="71"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Efisiensi turun dapat dihindarai meskipun jika debit bervariasi</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 92.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.95pt;" valign="top" width="73"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Efisiensi turunkarena perubahan pada head efektif</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 92.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Operasi dari jarum dan deflektor rumit. Perwatan sedikit rendah</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 92.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 75.7pt;" valign="top" width="101"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Secara biaya kecil. Mesin menjadi besar karena kecepatan putaran rendah</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: .25in; mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .25in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Ceoss flow</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">(Batng horisontal)</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .25in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.5pt;" valign="top" width="162"> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="92" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image029.jpg" width="141" /></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .25in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Konstruksi sangat sederhana. Aliran air ke dlm runner tipe silindris pada sudut yang tepat dari batang dan keluran setelah melalui runner. Satu atau dua guide vane mungkin disiapkan untukdua langkah output tergantung debit air.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .25in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">50 – 1.000 kW</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .25in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Head: 5-100m</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Debit: 0.1-10 m<sup>3</sup>/s</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .25in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.05pt;" valign="top" width="71"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Efisiensi maksimum kecil tetapi saat efisiensi rendah outputnya bagus</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .25in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.95pt;" valign="top" width="73"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Ditto</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .25in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Konstruksi sangat sederhana.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Perawatan mudah.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .25in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 75.7pt;" valign="top" width="101"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Lebih murah</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: .25in; mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .25in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Turgo impulse</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .25in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.5pt;" valign="top" width="162"> <div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="100" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image031.jpg" width="156" /></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .25in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Seoerti hantaman semburan air ke belakang runner dalam lingkaran flank dan pitch dapat menjadi kecil, kecepatan runner dapat ditingkatkan</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .25in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 58.5pt;" valign="top" width="78"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">100 – sekitar 10.000 kW</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .25in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Head 5-100m</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Debit: 0.2-8 m<sup>3</sup>/s</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .25in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.05pt;" valign="top" width="71"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Ditto</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">2 jenis nozzle digunakan untuk mengatur debit</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .25in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.95pt;" valign="top" width="73"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">ditto</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .25in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Ditto</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: .25in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 75.7pt;" valign="top" width="101"> <div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Lebih murah.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Arial Narrow","sans-serif"; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kecepatan putara dapatditingkatkan untuk mesin kecil</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></div><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" /> </span> <h2><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">7.2.4 Disain Turbin Crossflow</span></h2><div class="MsoNormalIndent" style="margin-left: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Turbin crossflow SKAT – T12, T13 dan T14 didisain untuk kondisi operasi yang berat dengan daya tahan dan umur yang panjang. Konstruksinya sederhana dan dapat dibuat di bengkel-bengkel dengan peralatan standar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Turbin crossflow terdiri atas empat bagian utama: <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">nosel, runner, guide vane</i></b> dan <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">casing</i></b> (rumah turbin). Air dialirkan masuk turbin melalui pipa pesat berpenampang bulat. Pada ujung pipa pesat, yaitu sebelum masuk ke turbin, dipasang adaptor, tempat perubahan penampang lingkaran menjadi persegi, menjelang masuk rumah turbin. Dari adaptor air masuk ke nosel. Nosel berpenampang persegi dan mengeluarkan pancaran air ke selebar runner. Bentuk pancaran adalah persegi, lebar dan tidak terlalu tebal. Sebelum mencapai runner, aliran disesuaikan kecepatan masuk dan sudut masuknya. Konstruksi runner terdiri dari dua buah pinggiran sejajar yang disatukan pada lingkar luarnya oleh sejumlah sudu. Sudu-sudu diperkuat oleh piringan tambahan yang dilas setiap 10-15 cm sepanjang runner.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalIndent" style="margin-left: 0in;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormalIndent" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="265" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image033.jpg" width="262" /></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormalIndent" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Gambar 7.4 Penampang Aliran di Sisi Masuk Turbin</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalIndent" style="margin-left: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pada gambar 7.4 terlihat penampang aliran yang berbeda-beda disepanjang lintasannya dari pipa pesat sampai rumah turbin. Sisi pemasukan turbin melayani penyesuaian aliran diakhir adaptor persegi menjadi pola aliran yang optimal diluasan masuk runner.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">7.2.4.1 Komponen Turbin</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">7.2.4.1.1 Inlet</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Aliran air memasuki turbin melalui bagian inlet. Pada bagian inlet terdapat guide-vane.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="height: 92px; left: 0px; margin-left: 304px; margin-top: 136px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 113px; z-index: 8;"><img height="92" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image034.gif" width="113" /></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="252" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image036.jpg" width="377" /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">7.2.4.1.2 Guide-vane</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Guide-vane adalah sebuah katup untuk mengatur membuka dan menutup turbin sekaligus mengatur jumlah air yang masuk ke runner.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 5.4pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: .25in; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="height: .25in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="height: 92px; left: 0px; margin-left: 165px; margin-top: 50px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 113px; z-index: 7;"><img height="92" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image037.gif" width="113" /></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="198" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image039.jpg" width="285" /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div></td> <td style="height: .25in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="198" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image041.jpg" width="275" /></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">7.2.4.1.3 Runner</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Bagian utama dari sebuah turbin adalah runner. Bilah runner (blade) terbuat dari baja dengan kekuatan tarik yang tinggi (high tensile steel) yang dilas pada lingkar luar dua buah piringan sejajar. Aliran air yang terpancar dari nosel membentur runner sehingga berputar. Disini terjadi perubahan energi kinetic air menjadi daya poros turbin yang akan ditransmisikan ke generator. Runner dan poros yang merupakan dudukan blade, kita kenal sebagai rotor, harus balance pada saat dirakit.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 5.4pt; width: 576px;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: .25in; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="height: .25in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 207.0pt;" valign="top" width="276"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="198" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image043.jpg" width="293" /></span></div></td> <td style="height: .25in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 225.0pt;" valign="top" width="300"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="198" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image045.jpg" width="293" /></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">7.2.4.1.4 Casing</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Casing turbin berfungsi untuk mengarahkan air ke runner. Pada bagain bawah casing turbin terdapat baut untuk mengunci turbin dengan chassis yang ditanam pada pondasi. Konstruksi rumah turbin harus memperhatikan kemudahan untuk melakukan inspeksi dan perawatan pada turbin air.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="233" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image047.jpg" width="353" /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">7.2.4.1.5 Bantalan (Bearing)</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kiri-kanan poros turbin duduk pada bantalan (bearing). Bantalan berfungsi untuk menyangga poros dan agar poros dapat berputar dengan lancer. Bantalan yang digunakan adalah jenis spherical roller bearing dengan adaptor sleeve. Adaptot sleeve berfungsi untuk mengunci bantalan dengan poros.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pelumasan bantalan memakai gemuk (grease) yang relative bebas perawatan dan tahan lama.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 5.4pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: .25in; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="height: .25in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"> <div class="MsoNormalIndent" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="220" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image049.jpg" width="238" /></span></div></td> <td style="height: .25in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"> <div class="MsoNormalIndent" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="height: 52px; left: 0px; margin-left: 121px; margin-top: 110px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 84px; z-index: 9;"><img height="52" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image050.gif" width="84" /></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="220" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image052.jpg" width="273" /></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div align="center" class="MsoNormalIndent" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormalIndent" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormalIndent" style="margin-left: 0in; tab-stops: 221.25pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">7.2.4.2 Karakteristik Turbin Crossflow<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalIndent" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormalIndent" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dibandingkan jenis turbin lainnya, turbin crossflow memiliki disain dan konstruksi yang sederhana, instalasi dan perawatan yang mudah, serta investasi dan biaya perawatan yang rendah. Tinggi air jatuh (head) yang digunakan diatas 3 m sampai dengan 50 m. Kapasitas debit air yang digunakan antara 25 – 1500 liter/s, dan daya yang dapat dihasilkan antara 2 – 200 kW.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalIndent" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormalIndent" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Efisiensi turbin crossflow rata-rata berkisar 65% - 75% dan bisa mencapai 80%, namun pada posisi guide vane < 40% posisi max, efisiensinya akan turun sampai 30%. Disamping itu umur turbin crossflow panjang, karena komponen-komponennya yang relatif tahan aus dan kecil kemungkinan untuk terjadi kavitasi yang dapat merusak kinerja turbin.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormalIndent" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormalIndent" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="color: red; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="271" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image054.jpg" width="261" /></span></div><div class="MsoNormalIndent" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormalIndent" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Gambar 7.5 Grafik Efisiensi Turbin Crossflow Terhadap Debit Air</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalIndent" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormalIndent" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormalIndent" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Keterangan singkat tentang disain turbin crossflow T-13 dan T-14, dimana didisain dan dibuat di Indonesia menurut kepada data kelayakan disain, adalah diperlihatkan dibawah. Disain detail akan diacukan pada lembar disain dari yang membuat. Disain akan dilakukan dalam prosedur berikut:</span></div><div class="MsoNormalIndent" style="margin-left: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; text-indent: -9.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Data dasar dari T-13 dan 14 yang diperoleh dari hasil tes model.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; tab-stops: 2.0in 318.95pt; text-indent: -9.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Diameter turbin: <u>300mm</u><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Jumlah bilah runner: <u>28nos.</u><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Satuan kecepatan:</span><span lang="IN" style="color: red;"> </span><u>133 rpm</u><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormalIndent" style="margin-left: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk mendapatkan data dasar untuk nilai debit air (m<sup>3</sup>/det), head (m) dari level air pada bak penenang dan pusat turbin (atau saluran pembuangan air jika didisain sebagai kasus khusus) dari disain sipil.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk menghitung head efektif dari head kotor dengan mengurangi head loss dari penstock (gesekan dan turbulen).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo17; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk menghitung tenaga hidrolik efektif dan output batang turbin dari debit air, head efektif dan efisiensi turbin.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk menghitung lebar runner turbin menurut kepada rekomendasi yang membuat.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk menghitung tenaga mekanik ke generator dari efisiensi transmitter tenaga (speed increaser).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo17; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk menghitung nilai output listrik dari generator (kW). ----Output listrik maksimum.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk menghitung kecepatan putaran turbin dari kecepatan spesifik, output batang turbin (pokok 3) dan head efektif.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk memilih generator yang sesuai yang ada di pasar dan outputnya (kVA), frekuensi, voltase, faktor tenaga dan kecepatan putaran (frekuensi), mengacu pada katalog fabrikasi generator.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo17; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk menghitung perbandingan nilai kecepatan putaran dari turbin dan generator.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk memilih lebar dan panjang dari belt mengacu pada rekomendasi fabrikasi belt.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk menghitung kapasitas dummy load dan kecocokan ELC (Electronic Load Controller) atau IGC (Induction Generator Control) dalam kasus generator induksi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk menghitung diameter dari pulley turbin dan generator.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormalIndent" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Disain detail akan mengacu pada “Secara Singkat Manual Disain untuk Turbin Jenis Crossflow” pada lampiran setelah ini.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalIndent" style="margin-left: 0in;"><br />
</div><h2><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">7.2.5 Turbin Francis dan Pompa Terbalik (Pump As Turbine)</span></h2><div class="MsoNormalIndent" style="margin-left: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormalIndent" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Turbin francis merupakan turbin reaksi. Pada turbin francis, air mengalir ke runner dengan arah radial dan keluar dengan arah aksial. Turbin francis dipakai untuk berbagai keperluan (wide range) dengan tinggi air jatuh menengah (medium head). Dibndingkan dengan turbin crossflow dan pelton, turbin frncis kurang populer untuk pembangkit listrik tenaga air dengan daya kecil (PLTMH) karena konstruksinya yang komplek serta tingkat kesulitan dalam pembuatan yang relatif lebih tinggi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalIndent" style="margin-left: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormalIndent" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Selain penggunaan pompa sebagai turbin (PAT) pada PLTMH untuk head menengah, 10 sampai 50 m, merupakan alternatif yang dapat dipertimbangkan. Hanya saja karena pompa tidak didisain untuk aliran yang terbalik mengakibatkan efisiensi PAT tidak sebaik turbin pada umumnya. Sebuah pompa didisain untuk bekerja pada kecepatan, head dan debit yang konstan, sehingga untuk digunakan sebagai turbin menuntut laju aliran yang konstan sepanjang tahun. Perubahan laju aliran air akan mengakibatkan efisiensi PAT menurun.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalIndent" style="margin-left: 0in;"><img align="right" height="291" hspace="12" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image056.jpg" width="303" /><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormalIndent" style="margin-left: 0in;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormalIndent" style="margin-left: 0in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Gambar 7.6 Pompa Sentrifugal.</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalIndent" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pompa Jenis ini bangak digunakan</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormalIndent" style="margin-left: 0in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">untuk PAT</span></b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><br clear="all" /> Sebuah PAT didisain untuk bekerja pada tingkat keadaan tertentu (head dan debit air tertentu). Karena tidak dilengkapi dengan guide vane untuk mengatur debit yang dapat masuk turbin,. Apabila debit airnya turun, head dalam pipa pesat juga akan turun sehingga efisiensi serta pengeluaran dayanya akan merosot. Dengan demikian daerah kerja (Hn dan Q) PAT sangat sempit dan spesifik. Hal tersebut menjadi kendala utama dalam penerapan pompa sebagai turbin (PAT). Selain itu karena pompa tidak didisain<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>untuk aliran yang terbalik mengakibatkan efisiensi PAT lebih rendah 3-5% dari titik efisiensi terbaik yang dapat dicapai bila dioperasikan sebagai pompa. Keunggulan sistem PAT dibanding dengan turbin air adalah lebih murah, sebab pompa standar mudah diperoleh dan suku cadang banyak tersedia di pasaran.</span></div><div class="MsoNormalIndent" style="margin-left: 0in;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Seperti sebuah pompa air yang digunakan sebagai turbin dengan membalikkan putaran dari pompa, pemilihan dari jenis pompa adalah sangat penting.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk menghitung dan mendapat head efektif (head efektif), debit air, dan tenaga hidrolik bersih sama seperti metode pada pokok 1,2 dan 3 turbin crossflow diatas.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo18; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: list .25in 49.8pt left 212.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk memeriksa kecocokan pompa yang ada di pasar, mempertimbangkan titik efisiensi maksimum dari pompa, kecepatan putaran dari motor (generator: batang 2,4 atau 6) karena kopling langsung antara turbin dan generator biasanya diadopsi dari turbin jenis ini. Kecepatan putaran harus mengacu pada Tabel 7.3.1.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pada kasus generator induksi, kecepatan turbin harus sedikit lebih tinggi (yaitu; 2 – 5 %) daripada generator pada nilai frekuensi.(1,550 rpm dari 1,500 rpm). </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk memilih dan memutuskan pompa sebagai turbin, mengacu pada titik efisiensi maksimum pompa, dapat digunakan efisiensi untuk output nyata dari batang turbin karena kisaran dari head titik efisiensi pompa sangat kecil.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo18; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: list .25in 49.8pt left 212.65pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pemilihan metode akan mengacu pada “Manual Disain untuk Turbin Reverse Pump”.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: red;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 212.65pt; text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">7.2.6 Turbin Pelton</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Turbin pelton dipakai pada daerah dengan head yang tinggi. Runner turbin pelton dilengkapi dengan mangkok (<i>buckets</i>) pada sekeliling piringannya (<i>disc</i>), yang bekerja karena pancaran air (<i>jet discharge</i>) dari nosel. Penampang konstruksi nosel dan runnernya seperti pada Gambar 7.6. </span></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 5.4pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 4.0pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="height: 4.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.75in;" valign="top" width="264"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 66.6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -66.6pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Gambar 7.7 Penampang Nosel dan Runner Pelton</span></b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 66.6pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -66.6pt;"><br />
</div><ol start="1" style="margin-top: 0in;" type="a"><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Nosel<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Jarum Nosel</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sudu</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pipa Saluran</span></li>
</ol></td> <td style="height: 4.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 239.4pt;" valign="top" width="319"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="173" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image058.jpg" width="301" /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
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</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pancaran air akan mengenai sudu ditengah-tengahnya yang kemudian oleh mangkok-mangkok sudu, pancaran tersebut akan dibelokkan dengan sudut sekitar 165<sup>0</sup>. Mangkok- mangkok ini mengalihkan tenaga impuls yang didapatnya pada piringan. Pada pusat mulut pancaran dipasang sebuah jarum untuk mengatur jumlah aliran air, yaitu dengan menggerakkannya maju dan mundur. Dengan demikian efisiensi turbin pelton dapat dipertahankan. Diantara mulut pancaran dan rotor dapat juga dipasang sebuah deflektor untuk membelokkan pancaran air. Bila beban tiba-tiba dibuang (<i>rejected</i>), deflektor secara darurat menghalangi pancaran air. Kemudian tempat keluar mulut pancaran dengan perlahan-lahan disumbat oleh jarum sehingga tidak mengakibatkan kenaikan tekanan pada pipa pesat yang dikenal dengan istilah water hammer.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk turbin dcengan debit yang kecil, sistem penyemprotan airnya dapat menggunakan satu buah nosel dan untuk debit lebih besar dapat digunakan nosel lebih dari satu. Dengan menggunakan lebih dari satu nosel, daya terbangkit turbin dapat ditingkatkan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Turbin pelton pada umumnya digunakan untuk head yang tinggi, diatas 25 m. Efisiensi turbin pelton dapat mencapai 80%.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">7.3 Transmisi Daya Mekanik</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Transmisi daya berperan untuk menyalurkan daya dari poros turbin ke poros generator. Elemen-elemen transmisi daya yang digunakan terdiri dari: sabuk (belt), pulley, kopling dan bantalan (bearing).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Belt berfungsi untuk menyalurkan daya dari poros turbin ke poros generator. Belt harus cukup tegang sesuai dengan jenis dan ukurannya. Pulley berfungsi untuk menaikkan putaran sehingga putaran generator sesuai dengan putaran daerah kerjanya. Sedeangkan kopling, bantalan dan cone clamp merupakan komponen/elemen pendukung.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Secara umum sistem transmisi daya dapat dikelompokkan menjadi:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo24; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sistem transmisi daya langsung (direct drives)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo24; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sistem transmisi daya tidak langsung (indirect drives); dalam hal ini menggunakan belt.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">7.3.1 Sistem transmisi daya langsung</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pada sistem transmisi daya langsung ini, daya dari poros turbin (rotor) langsung ditransmisikan ke poros generator yang disatukan dengan sebuah kopling. Sehingga konstruksi sistem transmisi ini menjadi lebih kompak, mudah untuk melakukan perawatan, efisiensi tinggi, dan tidak memerlukan elemen mesin lain, seperti belt dan pulley, kecuali sebuah kopling.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Karena sistem transmisi dayanya langsung, maka generator yang digunakan harus memiliki kecepatan putaran optimum yang hampir sama dengan kecepatan putaran poros turbin (rotor), sekitar <u>+</u> 15 % perbedaannya. Alternatif lain adalah menggunakan gearbox untuk mengoreksi rasio kecepatan(putaran) antara generator dengan poros turbin.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Hal lain yang harus diperhatikan adalah pemasangan poros turbin dan poros generator yang menuntut kelurusan sumbu. Pengaruh ketidaklurusan sumbu poros (misalignment) dikurangi dengan penggunaan kopling fleksibel yang mengizinkan sedikit ketidaklurusan sumbu poros.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">7.3.2 Sistem transmisi daya dengan sabuk (Belt)</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sabuk dipakai untuk memindahkan daya antara dua poros yang sejajar. Pemilihan jenis sabuk bergantung pada besar kecilnya daya yang akan ditransmisikan. Sabuk memainkan peranan yang penting dalam menyerap beban kejut dan meredam pengaruh getaran. Sabuk yang digunakan umumnya jenis flat belt dan V-belt.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Flat belt banyak digunakan pada sistem transmisi daya mekanik untuk mikrohidro dengan daya yang besar. V-belt digunakan pada instalasi PLTMH dengan daya dibawah 20 kW. Penggunaan sistem transmisi sabuk ini memerlukan komponen pendukung seperti pulley, bantalan beserta asesorisnya, dan kopling.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pada sistem transmisi daya dengan sabuk, putaran turbin dan generator yang dihubungkan dapat berbeda; dengan kata lain ada rasio putaran. Dengan demikian range generator yang akan digunakan lebih luas dan bervariasi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
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<tr style="height: 27.0pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="height: 27.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" width="288"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="226" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image060.jpg" width="281" /></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="height: 27.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" width="288"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="220" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image062.jpg" width="270" /></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Gambar 7.8 Mekanisme Penghantar Daya</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">7.3.2.1 Flat Belt</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Flat belt (sabuk Datar) umumnya terbuat dari kulit samak atau kain yang diresapi karet. Sabuk datar yang modern terdiri dari inti elastis yang kuat, seperti benang baja atau nylon, untuk menerima beban tarik dan memindahkan gaya, dengan selubung karet untuk memberikan efek gesekan antara pulley dan sabuk.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo25; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Keuntungan flat belt dibanding V-belt:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo25; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dapat bekerja pada kecepatan putar poros hingga 70 m/s.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo25; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dapat memindahkan daya yang besar pada jarak poros yang panjang.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo25; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Efisiensi tinggi, berkisar 98%</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo25; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sederhana dalam perawatan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo25; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tidak terjadi tegangan balik (re-tensioning)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo25; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tidak berisik (Low noise), dan dapat meredam pengaruh getaran dengan baik.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo25; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Baik sekali digunakan untuk instalasi elektro-mekanik karena bekerja dengan kecepatan tetap pada setiap waktu.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">7.3.2.2 V Belt</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sabuk V (V blet) memiliki bentuk penampang trapesium, menyerupai huruf “V”. Sabuk ini terbuat dari kain dan benang katun (katun, rayon atau nylon) dan diresapi dengan karet. V belt dipakai untuk jarak sumbu yang pendek. Dibandingkan flat belt, V belt sedikit kurang efisien, berkisar 70 – 96 %, dan memiliki umur lebih pendek. Kecepatan sabuk direncanakan untuk 10 – 20 m/s pada umumnya dan maksimum sampai 25 m/s.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk transmisi daya dari turbin ke generator pada mikrohidro lebih banyak memakai flat belt. V belt biasanya dipakai nuntuk pembangkit listrik dengan kapasitas dibawah 20 kW. Keuntungan penggunaan V belt adalah pulley dapat dipasang langsung pada poros generator sehingga tidak memerlukan kopling dan bantalan pada pulley, pemasangan dan penggantian belt mudah.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pemilihan jenis penampang sabuk V didasarkan atas daya rencana dan putaran poros penggerak. Daya rencana dihitung dengan mengalikan daya yang akan diteruskan dengan faktor koreksi (1,5 – 2). Pada umumnya untuk mikrohidro digunakan sabuk V tipe B dan tipe C.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 5.4pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: .25in; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="height: .25in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo26; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Lapisan penguat campuran canvas dan karet</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo26; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Karet Chloroprene yang dipadatkan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo26; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Karet isolasi Chloroprene</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo26; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dawai tarik polyester</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Gambar 7.9 Penampang V Belt</span></b></div></td> <td style="height: .25in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.0in;" valign="top" width="288"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="215" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image064.jpg" width="263" /></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">7.3.3 Pulley</span></b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Baik pulley penggerak maupunyang digerakkan terbuat dari baja karbon sedang, dapat pula dibuat dari besi cor kelabu FC 20 atau FC 30. Pulley terletak pada poros dengan dikunci oleh baut atau klem. Disamping sebagai tempat dudukan sabuk, pulley berfungsi untuk menaikkan putaran sehingga putaran generator sesuai dengan putara daerah kerjanya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Persamaan perbandingan putarannya adalah:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">n<sub>1</sub> : n<sub>2</sub> = D<sub>p</sub> : d<sub>p</sub></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dimana,</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">n<sub>1</sub> =<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>putaran pulley penggerak (rpm)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">n<sub>2</sub> =<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>putaran pulley yang digerakkan (rpm)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">d<sub>p</sub> =<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>diameter nominal pulley penggerak (mm)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">D<sub>p</sub> =<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>diameter nominal pulley yang digerakkan (mm)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kecepatan linear belt (m/s) adalah:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">V = (dp . n1)/(60.1000)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Panjang belt dicari dengan menggunakan persamaan berikut:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">L <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>= <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2C + 1,57 (Dp + dp) + ((Dp – dp)<sup>2</sup>/4C)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">C<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>=<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(K + K<sup>2</sup> – 32 ( Dp – dp )<sup>2</sup>)/16</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">K<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>= 4L – 6.28 (Dp + dp)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dimana:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">C<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>= jarak sumbu poros (mm)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dp = diameter nominal dari pulley yang besar</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">dp = diameter nominal dari pulley yang kecil</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">L<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>= panjang keliling sabuk (mm)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">7.3.3.1 Pulley untuk flat belt</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk dapat mendisain pulley dengan baik dapat memanfaatkan katalog belt yang dikeluarkan oleh pabrik di samping mempelajari literatur mengenai mesin. Patokan yang harus diingat adalah jarak antara poros sebesar 1,5 s/d 2 kali diameter pulley besar. Diameter pulley yang terlalu kecil akan memperpendaek umur sabuk. Pembatasan ukuran pulley sering dikenakan pada lebar pulley, seperti pada sabuk datar. Untuk meningkatkan efek centring (mengarahkan belt ke centre pulley) bentuk permukaan pulley dibuat melengkung (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">crowning</i>). Crowning pada pulley cukup dilakukan pada pulley terbesar.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 5.4pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: .25in; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="height: .25in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.0in;" valign="top" width="192"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="283" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image066.jpg" width="180" /></span></div></td> <td style="height: .25in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 4.0in;" valign="top" width="384"> <div class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Lebar Belt<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">W (mm)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(mm)</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"> </span></div><table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td height="4" width="121"><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td><br />
</td> <td><img height="2" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image067.gif" width="134" /></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span></b><br />
<br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" /> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="height: 2px; left: 0px; margin-left: 121px; margin-top: 13px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 134px; z-index: 12;"><img height="2" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image068.gif" width="134" /></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">s.d 100<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>10</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">100 – 200<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>20</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">200 – 400<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>30</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"> </span></div><table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td height="3" width="121"><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td><br />
</td> <td><img height="2" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image068.gif" width="134" /></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" /> <div class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Diameter Pulley</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"> </span></div><table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td height="5" width="121"><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td><br />
</td> <td><img height="2" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image069.gif" width="134" /></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><br />
<br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" /> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 209.4pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dmm<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>dmm</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 209.4pt; text-align: center;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"> </span></div><table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr> <td height="10" width="121"><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td><br />
</td> <td><img height="2" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image067.gif" width="134" /></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><br />
<br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" /> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">100<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>0.6</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">200<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1.2</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="height: 2px; left: 0px; margin-left: 121px; margin-top: 0px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 134px; z-index: 16;"><img height="2" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image068.gif" width="134" /></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">300<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1.6</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">400<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2.0</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="height: 2px; left: 0px; margin-left: 121px; margin-top: 2px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 134px; z-index: 18;"><img height="2" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image068.gif" width="134" /></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">600<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2.6</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">1000<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>4.0</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout; position: relative; z-index: 17;"><span style="height: 2px; left: 0px; left: 121px; position: absolute; top: -1px; width: 134px;"><img height="2" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image069.gif" width="134" /></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Gambar 7.10 Pulley Crowning</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.75in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tabel 7.6 Diameter Pulley Standar, d, untuk Flat Belt (DIN 111) dan V Belt (DIN 2217)</span></b></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: .25in; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: .25in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 6.0in;" valign="top" width="576"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">20<sup>1</sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>22<sup>1</sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>25<sup>1</sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>28<sup>1</sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>32<sup>1 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>36<sup>1</sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>40<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>45<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>50<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>56<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>63<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>71<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>80</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">90<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>100<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>112<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>125<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>140<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>160<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>180<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>200<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>224<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>250<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>280<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>315<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>355</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">400<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>450<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>500<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>560<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>630<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>710<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>800<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>900<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1000<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1120<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1250<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1400<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1600</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">1800<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2000<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2240<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2500<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2800<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>3150<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>3550<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>4000<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>4500<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>5000</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><sup><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">1</span></sup><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"> ) tidak berlaku untuk flat belt</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tabel 7.7 Lebar Pulley Standar, b<sub>s</sub>, untuk Flat Belt (DIN 111)</span></b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 5.4pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td rowspan="3" style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 81.0pt;" valign="top" width="108"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Standar, b<sub>s</sub>:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.85pt;" width="58"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">16</span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.9pt;" width="59"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">20</span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.85pt;" width="58"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">25</span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.9pt;" width="59"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">32</span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.85pt;" width="58"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">40</span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.9pt;" width="59"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">50</span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.85pt;" width="58"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">63</span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.9pt;" width="59"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">80</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.85pt;" width="58"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">100</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.9pt;" width="59"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">125</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.85pt;" width="58"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">140</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.9pt;" width="59"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">160</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.85pt;" width="58"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">180</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.9pt;" width="59"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">200</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.85pt;" width="58"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">224</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.9pt;" width="59"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">250</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.85pt;" width="58"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">280</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.9pt;" width="59"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">315</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.85pt;" width="58"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">355</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.9pt;" width="59"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">400</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.85pt;" width="58"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">450</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.9pt;" width="59"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">500</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.85pt;" width="58"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">560</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 43.9pt;" width="59"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">630</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk instalasi PLTMH disarankan: b<sub>s</sub> <u>></u> 1,12 b (open drives system), b adalah lebar belt</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">7.3.3.2 Pulley untuk V Belt</span></b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pulley V belt memiliki alur dengan penampang menyerupai V belt. Untuk mempertinggi day yang ditransmisikan, dapat dipakai beberapa v belt yang dipasang sebeleh menyebelah , sehingga pulley yang digunakan dapat mempunyai alur yang banyak. Sudut alur pulley (γ<sub>s</sub>) sedikit lebih kecil dibandingkan sudut V sabuk (γ<sub>R</sub>), sehingga akan terjadi kontak yang merata dengan pulley. Dengan demikian keausan pada sabuk dapat dihindari.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.75in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tabel 7.8 Penampang V Belt, Diameter Minimum Pulley dan Panjang Belt (DIN 2215)</span></b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; margin-left: 5.4pt; width: 589px;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td colspan="2" style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.55pt;" width="86"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">d</span></i></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.25pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">5</span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">6</span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">8</span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.25pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">10</span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">13</span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">17</span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">20</span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.25pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">25</span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">32</span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">40</span></div></td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">50</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td colspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.55pt;" width="86"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">s</span></i><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.25pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">3</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">4</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">5</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.25pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">6</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">8</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">11</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">12,5</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.25pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">16</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">20</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">25</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">32</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td colspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 64.55pt;" width="86"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">d<sub>min</sub></span></i><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.25pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">22</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">32</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">45</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.25pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">63</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">90</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">125</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">180</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.25pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">250</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">355</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">500</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">710</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td rowspan="2" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 19.75pt;" valign="top" width="26"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">L<sub>i</sub></span></i></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 44.8pt;" valign="top" width="60"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">dari</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.25pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">150</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">212</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">296</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.25pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">420</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">585</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">832</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">1100</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.25pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">1650</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">2303</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">3230</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">4600</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 44.8pt;" valign="top" width="60"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">sampai</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.25pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">860</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">1262</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">1916</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.25pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">2820</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">4275</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">6332</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">9540</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.25pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">14050</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">18063</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">18080</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 16.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 34.3pt;" width="46"> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;">18100</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">*Li adalah panjang/keliling sisi dalam belt</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="198" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image071.jpg" width="262" /></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Gambar 7.11 Dimensi Utama V Belt, Sudut V pada Belt γ<sub>R</sub> = 35<sup>0</sup> - 39<sup>0</sup></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">7.3.3.3 Metode Penegangan Belt</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk dapat memelihara<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tegangan yang cukup dan sesuai pada sabuk, jarak poros pulley harus dapat disetel ke dalam maupun keluar. Metoda penegangan belt ada bermacam-macam. Metoda yang sederhana dan mudah adalah menyetel jarak antar poros sehingga diperoleh penambahan bentangan sabuk sebesar 2%-3%. Perhatikan gambar 7-12; misalkan panjang bentangan sabuk sebelum ditegangkan adalah 100 cm. Untuk mendapatkan tegangan sabuk yang cukup maka jarak poros disetel sehingga diperoleh panjang rentangan penuh 102 cm atau 103 cm.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="397" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image073.jpg" width="351" /></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Gambar 7.12 Penyetelan Jarak Sumbu Poros dan Lenturan Belt</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">7.3.4 Kopling</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kopling adalah element mesin yang berfungsi sebagai penerus putaran dan daya dari poros penggerak ke poros yang digerakkan. Sumbu kedua poros yang dihubungkan tersebut terletak pada satu garis lurus atau dapat sedikit berbeda sumbunya. Untuk sistem transmisi pada mikrohidro biasa digunakan jenis kopling tetap fleksibel yang selalu dalam keadaan terhubung.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kopling fleksibel mengijinkan sedikit ketidaklurusan sumbu poros. Walaupun demikian, sedapat mungkin sumbu poros diluruskan agar umur bantalan dan kopling dapat lebih lama. Jenis kopling fleksibel yang dapat digunakan adalah:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo28; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kopling rantai (chain coupling)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo28; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kopling karet ban</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo28; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kopling flens fleksibel</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">7.3.4.1 Kopling rantai (chain coupling)</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Bagian utama kopling rantai terdiri dari dua buah sproket terbuat dari baja cor yang mengalami pengerasan (hardened stell), sebuah rantai rol dengan rangkaian ganda dan rumah kopling. Kopling rantai terutama digunakan untuk menyerap ayunan atau kejutan momen putar secara elastis.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kelebihan kopling rantai adalah:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo30; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Instalasi dan perawatan yang mudah</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo30; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Umur yang lama</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo30; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Meningkatkan kemampuan peredaman gaya gesek</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">7.3.4.1.1 Kopling Rantai Tsubaki</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Salah satu produk kopling rantai yang banyak diperoleh di pasaran adalah kopling rantai tsubaki. Kopling ini dapat bekerja dengan baik meskipun kedua sumbu poros yang dihubungkan tidak benar-benar lurus. Gambar 7.14 memperlihatkan batas-batas kesalahan pemasangan poros yang dijinkan. Batas toleransi ketidaklurusan yang diijinkan dalam pemasangan kopling rantai adalah:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo29; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Inklinasi (angular alignment)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>α = 1 derajat</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 27.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo29; tab-stops: list 27.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.0pt;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Wingdings; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Ketidak sejajaran sumbu poros (pararel alignment) tidak lebih dari 2% diameter pitch kopling rantai.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jadi:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ε = diameter pitch kopling rantai x 2%</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pada pemasangan kopling rantai ini antara kedua sproket terdapat gap (celah) selebar <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">S</i>, yang besarnya telah ditabelkan. Sproket diletakkan pada poros generator dan poros penerus daya (pulley). Kopling tersebut dijaga kedudukan pada kedua poros dengan sekrup pengencang.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Ketidaklurusan dari sumbu sproket harus dikurangi seminimal mungkin setelah pemasangan, atau setelah kondisi poros generator dan poros pulley diatur kelurusannya. Pelumasan pada rongga-rongga rantai dan gap antara kedua sproket harus terjaga dengan memberikan grease (gemuk) secukupnya menurut jadwal yang telah ditentukan (Tabel 7.9).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="204" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image075.jpg" width="230" /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Gambar 7.13 Kopling Rantai</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="425" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image077.jpg" width="482" /></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Gambar 7.14 Setting Kopling Rantai</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tabel 7.9 Data Teknis Kopling Rantai Tsubaki</span></b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="289" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image079.jpg" width="571" /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="284" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image081.jpg" width="458" /></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Gambar 7.15 Penampang Kopling Rantai Tsubaki</span></b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tabel 7.10 Spesifikasi Teknis Kopling Rantai Tsubaki</span></b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="229" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image083.jpg" width="588" /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">7.3.4.1.2 Pemilihan dimensi (size) kopling</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Besarnya daya yang akan diteruskan perlu diketahui terlebih dahulu untuk merencanakan atau melakukan pemilihan kopling. Karena adanya variasi beban, perlu dilakukan koreksi sehingga daya yang harus diperhitungkan adalah:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>P<sub>d </sub>= f<sub>c</sub>.P<sub>m</sub> (kW)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dimana:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">P<sub>d</sub> = Daya yang diperhitungkan (kW)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">P<sub>m</sub> = Daya yang akan diteruskan (kW)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">f<sub>c</sub> = faktor koreksi yang besarnya antara 1,5 – 2,5</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dalam memilih kopling, pilihlah ukuran yang sedemikian rupa sehingga daya Pd lebih rendah daripada daya normal maksimum dari kopling standar yang disediakan oleh produsen kopling (Tabel 7.9). Diameter dalam kopling yang dipilih harus disesuaikan dengan poros yang akan dihubungkan. Jika diameter dalam kopling tidak cukup besar maka dipilih kopling berukuran lebih besar dengan diameter dalam yang memadai. Tabel 7.10 menunjukkan dimensi standar kopling rantai tsubaki.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">7.3.4.2 Kopling karet ban (rubber coupling)</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kopling karet ban dapat bekerja dengan baik meskipun kedua sumbu poros yang dihubungkan tidak benar-benar lurus. Kopling ini terutama digunakan untuk mengurangi getaran dan suara berisik pada poros selama penerusan daya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dalam batas-batas tertentu, kopling karet ban masih dapat meneruskan daya dengan baik walaupun terjadi kesalahan posisi poros pada saat pemasangan. Gambar 7.16 memperlihatkan batas-batas toleransi kesalahan pemasangan poros yang dapat diijinkan. Pemasangan dan pelepasan kopling ini dapat dilakukan dengan mudah karena hubungan dilakukan dengan jepitan baut pada ban karetnya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Karena keuntungan demikian banyak, pemakaian kopling ini semakin luas. Meskipun demikian harga kopling ini agak lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kopling flens.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Keuntungan kopling karet ban:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pemasangan dan pelepasan yang mudah karena hubungan dilakukan dengan jepitan baut pada ban karetnya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Kelebihan (variasi) beban pada poros dapat diserap oleh ban karet.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Hubungan listrik antara kedua poros dapat dicegah.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="253" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image085.jpg" width="577" /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0in;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Gambar 7.16 Daerah Kesalahan yang Diperbolehkan pada Operasi Kopling Karet Ban</span></b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">7.3.4.2.1 Pemilihan dimensi kopling karet</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk merencanakan atau melakukan pemilihan kopling karet ban perlu diketahui besarnya daya yang akan diteruskan, putaran poros, momen puntir yang diteruskan, persyaratan kerja, dll. Beberapa produsen kopling karet ban telah menyediakan ukuran-ukuran standar sesuai dengan daerah kerjanya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Momen puntir yang diteruskan kopling dapat dihitung dengan persamaan:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>P</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="height: 2px; left: 0px; margin-left: 239px; margin-top: 13px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 38px; z-index: 19;"><img height="2" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image086.gif" width="38" /></span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tm = 9,74 x 10<sup>5</sup> x<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(kg.mm)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>n<sub>1</sub></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dimana: P = daya nominal (kW)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>n1 = putara<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(rpm)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="352" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image088.jpg" width="599" /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Gambar 7.17 Kopling Fenaflex</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Karena adanya variasi momen puntir, perlu dilakukan koreksi sehingga momen puntir yang harus diperhitungkan adalah:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Td = fc.Tm. (kg.mm)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Fc = faktor koreksi yang besarnya antara 2 – 2,5</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tabel 7.11 Dimensi Kopling Karet Ban Fenaflex</span></b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="244" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image090.jpg" width="563" /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 319.5pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dalam memilih kopling karet ban, pilihlah ukuran yang sedemikian rupa sehingga momen puntir Td (kg.mm) lebih rendah daripada momen normal maksimum kopling standar yang disediakan oleh produsen kopling.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">7.3.4.3 Kopling flens fleksibel</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Berlawanan dengan kopling karet ban, kopling flens fleksibel dapat mentransmisikan momen putar yang lebih besar dan ketahanan temperatur yang lebih tinggi. Walaupun demikian, pada umumnya kopling ini menunjukkan peredaman yang kurang. Disamping itu konstruksi kopling ini sederhana, mudah dalam pemasangan dan relatif tidak memerlukan perawatan. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pada pemasangan kopling flens fleksibel harus diperhatikan toleransi ketidaklurusan sumbu poros, seperti: angular alignment, dan pararel alignment. Prosedur pemilihan kopling flens fleksibel pada dasarnya sama dengan pemilihan kopling jenis lain. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Contoh kopling flens fleksibel yang ada di pasaran adalah kopling NBG, dan N-UEFEX. Kopling flens fleksibel NBK diperlihatkan pada Gambar 7.18 dan dimensi kopling tersebut pada Tabel 7.12.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tabel 7.12 Data Teknis Kopling Flens Fleksibel NBK</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="287" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image092.jpg" width="348" /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="342" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image094.jpg" width="552" /></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Gambar 7.18 Susunan Kopling Flens Fleksibel NBK</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="403" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image096.jpg" width="496" /></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Gambar 7.19 Konstruksi Kopling Flens NBK</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tabel 7.13 Dimensi Kopling Flens Fleksibel NBK</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="314" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image098.jpg" width="571" /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tabel 7.14 Dimensi Baut Kopling Flens Fleksibel NBK</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="137" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image100.jpg" width="552" /></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="296" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image102.jpg" width="473" /></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Gambar 7.20 Konstruksi Kopling Fleksibel N-UEFEX</span></b></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tabel 7.15 Dimensi Kopling Fleksibel N EUFEX</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="342" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image104.jpg" width="557" /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">7.3.5 Bantalan (Bearing)</span></b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Bearing adalah elemen mesin yang menumpu poros berbeban, sehingga putaran atau gesekan bolak-baliknya dapat berlangsung halus, aman dan berumu panjang. Bearing harus cukup kokoh untuk memungkinkan poros serta elemen mesin lainnya bekerja dengan baik.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Salah satu jenis bearing yang sering digunakan pada turbin untuk PLTMH adalah jenis <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">spherical roller bearing</i> dengan <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">adaptor sleeve</i> yang berfungsi untuk mengunci bearing dengan poros. Bearing ini memungkinkan untuk menahan ketidaklurusan atau lendutan poros (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">self alignment</i>). Kapasitas beban yang dapat ditahan oleh bantalan ini besar, disamping dapat menahan beban aksial.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Dalam menentukan jenis dan dimensi bearing yang akan digunakan perlu dilakukan perhitungan. Prosedur perhitungan dan pemilihan bearing dapat mengacu pada katalog pemilihan bearing yang disediakan oleh produsen, seperti bearing SKF, FAG dan NSK.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Bearing SKF relatif lebih mahal dibandingkan bearing merek lain. Walaupun demikian, kualitas bearing ini termasuk yang terbaik dan teruji. Tabel 7.16 memperlihatkan beberapa jenis spherical roller bearing beserta perlengkapan pendukungnya yang umum dipakai pada instalasi turbin PLTMH.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Tabel 7.16 Perlengkapan Bearing pada Instalasi Turbin PLTMH</span></b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"><img height="279" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/BHANX_%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image106.jpg" width="588" /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">7.3.5.1 Instalasi dan perawatan</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk mencegah kebocoran pelumas serta masuknya benda asing, bantalan dilengkapi dengan bermacam-macam alat penyekat, seperti cincin O. Cincin O merupakan cincin dengan penampang lingkaran yang berfungsi sebagai penjebak air. Penjebak air ini menahan agar air tidak masuk ke rumah bearing. Bearing yang kemasukan air tidak dapat berfungsi dengan baik, sehingga bantalan cepat aus dan berkarat. Rumah bantalan, yang mempunyai flens pada sekelilingnya, duduk pada casing turbin dengan cara dibaut.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Untuk perawatan bearing, pelumasan bearing tidak boleh terlambat. Pelumasan bearing terutama dimaksudkan untuk mengurangi gesekan dan keausan, mencegah korosi, membawa keluar panas yang terjadi dan menghindari masuknya debu. Cara pelumasan ada dua macam, yaitu pelumasan gemuk (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">grease</i>) dan pelumasan minyak. Pada instalasi turbin PLTMH, umumnya digunakan pelumasan gemuk.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Cara yang umum untuk pemberian gemu adalah dengan mengisi bagiam dalam bearing dengan gemuk. Untuk menjamin pelumasan yang baik, sebaiknya menggunakan jenis gemuk yang disarankan oleh produsen bearing. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Pemberian gemuk yang terlalu banyak akan menyebabkan rumah bearing menjadi sesak, akibatnya putaran bearing tidak lancar dan menimbulkan panas. Jadwal pemberian gemuk serta banyaknya gemuk yang diberikan dapat mengikuti prosedur yang disarankan produsen bearing. Setelah pemberian gemuk yang ketiga kali sebaiknya bantalan dibersihkan dari sisa-sisa gemuk yang lama dengan minyak tanah dan diisi kembali dengan gemuk yang seluruhnya baru. Turbin setiap hari harus dibersihkan dengan lap agar embun yang menempel pada turbin cepat kering. Embun yang masuk ke lubang baut akan menyebabkan karat.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">7.3.6 Cone Clamp</span></b><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Cone clamp (clamp cerucut) berfungsi untuk menjaga kedudukan pulley pada poros agar tetap pada tempatnya. Penggunaan lainnya adalah untuk menjaga kedudukan guide vane agar tidak berubah. Clamp kerucut dapat digunakan pada beban tinggi dan memiliki umur yang lama (tahan).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Gambar 7.21 Cone Clamp</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN;">Gambar 7.22 Penampang Tolok Cone Clamp</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
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</div>che moutzhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08198123137685616928noreply@blogger.com0